Operating system with inputs, transformation process and outputs Essay

The operating system that I have chosen is a particular service operation: the realisation of a music concert. As every other organisation that produce goods or services, it has a precise operating system, composed by a range of inputs, a transformation process and a final output. INPUTS – We must distinguish between two different kind of resources: transformed resources, that are the resources treated and transformed in some way, and transforming resources, that are the resources that act upon the transformed resources. The transformed resources are usually materials, information and customers; very often one of these is dominant. A concert, like many other service operation, is predominantly a customer processing operation. The main task of the musicians, and therefore also of the organisers, is to process audience in a way in which satisfies their public, maximising their enjoyment. There is of course a very high contact between audience and operation; in fact a concert is a typical example of an operation in which satisfaction is measured by customers perceptions, that are subjective. That means that is quite difficult to measure and control them. So, for example, the administrators of a music hall, following the music market sales, should try to have as a guest only the most successful musicians of the moment. The other transformed resources, together with audience, is the building converted or arranged for the concert. It can be a music hall, a stadium, an indoor stadium or merely an open park, in any case it goes through a complete transformation of its appearance and its utilisation. As regards the transforming resources, there are two different types: facilities and staff. Facilities are all the materials used to prepare the building for the concert. Depending on the location of it, they can have some differences, but surely there must be a stage, a checkpoint, lights and all musical and technological equipment (instruments, cables, microphones, mixer, etc.). Then, not always, there could be seats, banisters, changing room, toilets,  bars, and checkrooms. Staff are all the people in the operation, at any level, who carry out the concert. The most important are obviously the musicians: if music concert is the product, the skills of musicians are the human capital of the entire process. But besides them a music concert needs also technicians, stage assemblers, security guards and box-office attendants. TRANSFORMATION PROCESS – The transformation process is the music played for the audience, the concert itself, together with all other aspects of exhibition. The whole process usually does not cover more than one day. We can say that this kind of customer-processing operation is concerned with transforming the psychological state of the audience, which is typical for most entertainment services, such as theatre, television and radio. OUTPUTS – The output of a music concert is first of all the entertained audience, but we cannot forget to mention the importance of having guaranteed security for all the people inside the building. The general characteristics of these outputs are the same that distinguish outputs of every organisation that produces services from outputs of organisation that produce goods: not tangible, non-storable, untransportable and simultaneous (in other words produced and consumed at the same time). Just the exact opposite of a normal good. Another difference between goods and services, as said before, is that the quality of goods is reasonably evident, it is measurable. But in a concert it is a little bit more complicate. The customer is inside the operation, he judges not only the outcome of the service (the music), but also the aspects of the way in which it was produced (all the rest of the scene). The input-transformation-output model can also be used within operations. All operations are made up for several units or departments, witch themselves act as smaller versions of the whole operation, with their own resources and their own outputs. So any operation can be considered as a hierarchy of operations. This is more true for greater manufacturing operation than the  ours, but also inside a music concert we can distinguish some different micro operations, as stage operations, location for audience, performance realisation.

woman in nigeria Essay

woman in nigeria Essay woman in nigeria Essay Woodland Football Team The Woodland football Varsity team is more than just â€Å"a team† to most. To man it is a family, like a group of brothers! People can misunderstand how much more than just a sport football can be. Football is one of the most popular sports in America and it is not only known for how close a team bonds but a protection for one another like a brother. Football is also greatly known for the amazing physical contact of the sport. Football is more than just a sport, it’s a way of life because you can learn so much from it such as to keep pushing yourself, and work together as a team. Many people speak, and spread rumors of how we are not a very good type of role-model to look up too because many believe we are jerks. This however is way off and not true! I will admit none of us are perfect, but then again who is? We are all average students at Woodland high school. Most however are actually motivated to get better grades than most. This is because to even play on the team there are grades we all must have so this is the extra push that helps us achieve such high academic goals. On top of that succeeding in the sport and academically in high school will help us get into college. As a team we go through losses, wins, and practices in the blazing hot sun that’s way harder than most can believe. After two hours of continues hard sweaty work, any man would just want to give up and quit, but we pull together as a team to finish practice strong and conquer the game. Before every home game we have delicious bonding team dinners, and stay close together every day a t lunch. The locker room has been the place we’ve had some of the best times, in cheer and dancing, to teammates in tears from defeat. But no matter what the setting is, we go through it together, as a team, a community, and a family. All these experiences bring us close together to accomplish one goal, defeat the opponent

How to Write Perfect Expository Essays Without Wasting Your Time

How to Write Perfect Expository Essays Without Wasting Your Time Are you required to write an expository essay for school? It's better to start your work with short research. You have to understand the main purpose of writing this type of paper. In this detailed guide, you will find good tips about making expository essays. We will provide you with the entire process of writing and give some ideas how to structure your future paper, how to choose an interesting topic, how your essay should be started, how to write good thesis statement, body, and provide you with ideas of expository essay examples. It's understandable that not each and every person has strong skills in writing. Many people waste their time and efforts to create a good expository essay, and they are not always successful. Read our detailed instruction and make an interesting expository essay to impress your teacher. In an expository essay, students need to place detailed explanation of chosen subject using just fair analysis without personal opinion. It's possible to mark several types of this essay. Definition essay – explains the meaning of an object, word, or any concept. This can be work written about any kind of animal (cat, lion) or subject of our world (flowers, plane). It is possible to describe an abstract thing in our life: love, happiness, or sadness. Classification essay – in this paper, writer divide characteristics into groups and categories and describes each category for readers. Compare and contrast essay – this work shows differences and similarities between two or more subjects. Cause and effect essay. This work points how one thing depends on another. The author needs to choose two subjects and focus on why something has happened, and what facts and reasons caused this to happen. â€Å"How to† essay. This is a paper that explains the entire procedure of some process with details. ORDER EXPOSITORY ESSAY The Process of Creating a Successful Expository Essay You have learned main goals and types of expository essay. We want to provide you with the clear and detailed plan of writing; follow this list with useful steps and tips that will help you make an interesting essay. Prewriting phase. First of all, you need to think what information you are going to include in your future essay. Brainstorm your ideas and choose most important moments you want to explain and describe to your readers; you can read expository essay examples to get some ideas about writing. Make notes to keep in mind important things, and you won't forget anything. Define structure. Any expository essay must have a concrete structure that includes five main paragraphs. You need to start your work with an introduction where you explain the main goal of your essay to readers. Don't make this part too long, usually, it should be one page or less. The next three paragraphs are your essay's body part: you need to provide readers with details that support your thesis statement. Remember you need to prove each argument of your essay with evidence. The final paragraph is a conclusion, where you have to restate thesis and finish your work. Logical end is necessary for the successful essay, that's why this paragraph requires a lot of attention from you. Make an essay outline. Some students may think the outline is time-wasting for them, but it can turn to a clear plan for your future essay, so you should spend some time to create it. You will spend less time with writing if you create an outline: when you travel with a map, you know where and how to go. Put into your outline both general information and details related to your topic. Write a draft. It's time to make a draft of your future expository essay: use your outline and don't forget about structure – these are key moments for creating an effective expository essay. Don't worry about misprints and mistakes on this stage, think about the plot; you will have time to revise and correct your essay. Polish your expository essay. After you have finished your essay, it's time to re-read it and see what parts must be changed; we suggest taking some rest after you wrote an essay, and revise it with refreshed eyes. You have to check your work and find logical, grammar, and punctuation mistakes. ORDER MY PERFECT A-GRADE ESSAY Tips for Writing an Expository Essay If you feel you need more help with your expository paper, these easy and effective hints will be effective in making a successful expository essay. Write thesis statement at end of the introduction. Make sure each and every sentence of your essay is connected to the thesis. Paragraphs of your expository essay should be connected to each other, that's why you can write some sentences between them to make entire paper logical and smooth. Don't bring any new information in conclusion. Read assignment before you start to work on your future paper, and try to mark all important moments your teacher wants to see in your essay. Include a lot of information into the outline. It will be easier to write an expository essay according to a detailed plan. If grammar isn't your strong side, feel free to use special software to find and fix grammar errors in your expository essay. Ask your friend or relative to read your expository paper; you can make some corrections into your essay in accordance with their feedback. Avoid obvious topics and standard language, and try to be creative and extraordinary! Below, we will provide you with essay topic examples. Keep in mind that reader must learn something new after reading your expository essay. Best Expository Essay Topics We want to give you some expository essay topic ideas. You can use our ideas to make a good paper. Surf Internet to find more expository essay examples and topics by popular writers online.    Expository Essay Topics for High School Students How is it possible to prevent bullying in schools? How does the human brain evolve during years of our life? What causes an allergic reaction, and how is it possible to prevent it? How robots help people, and why they can replace people in some professions? Explain why some people prefer to send an email instead of direct conversation. Compare living in the house and in flat; write main points that make these place different. Why some teenagers commit suicide, and what possible ways to prevent this? Explain why the idea of leaving parents' house make some teenagers feel scared? Why kids smoke, and how teachers should react on that? How to write a good speech for high-school conference? Topics for Expository Essays for College Describe five objects that symbolize our culture. What causes teenagers to fight with parents, and how is it possible to prevent this? Why parents' divorce causes children suffer? If you were an animal, which one you'd choose? Why it's important for any person to get driver's license? If you were an object, which one you'd select? Describe a thing that makes you happy and smiley. Why some kids skip school, and how their parents should react? If you were a flower, which one you'd choose? Why many people attend public libraries, even if they have the Internet at home? Expository Essay Topics about Education What is the history of the education system in Great Britain? Explain why the education is important to each person to get. Explain why some students use help from writing company instead of making their papers by themselves. Explain how modern schools use technology in studying process. How can teachers give their experience to students? Why it's hard to motivate a modern student to study, and how to make people involved in learning? Explain main advantages of distance studying. Why it's important to study at school, even if you are not planning to enter university? Describe the ideal teacher of your class. Describe the classroom of future, and explain why you see it this way. We hope that after reading this guide, you have got many ideas about writing your expository essay. Making such paper is not an easy job. You need a lot of time, patience, and skills to write a successful essay. Don't stop improving your skills and create many wonderful expository essays to impress your teacher and classmates!

Coco Chanel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coco Chanel - Research Paper Example Coco Chanel was a pioneering style maven who was born in the 1890s, and was apparently orphaned at a young age. The movie Coco Avant Chanel begins with young Gabrielle arriving at the orphanage, although it was later made clear that Coco was not actually an orphan, but that her father left the family when she was young and never returned. (Coco Avant Chanel, 2009). Perhaps it was this unusual early childhood that inspired Chanel’s iconoclastic personal style that was so completely different from the prevailing style at the turn of the century. It probably was also a basis for Chanel’s strong sense of independence, and her ability to make her fortune in a male-dominated society. Chanel was different from all other women during this time, for she not only was not satisfied with the lot bestowed upon women, but she also did not dress the part. This was a period of time when society women were in invariably in corsets, high boots and large hats with feathers. In contrast, Chanel opted for comfort, simplicity and clean lines. While other women wore corsets and frilly dresses, Chanel dressed in menswear, simple dresses with no corsets, low-heeled shoes and unadorned hats. (Coco Avant Chanel, 2009) Chanel saw that the fashion of the day was not comfortable for women, nor practical. At first, it seemed as if Chanel simply rebelled against the societal restrictions, in that she chose to wear men’s wear and comfortable clothes, while the rest of the women went about their day in fashions that were no doubt impossibly hot and uncomfortable. She did not necessarily aim to change societal fashion. She just did not go along with it. She was her own person in a so ciety where individualism was not necessarily admired. While it might not have been her aim to change society, this is exactly what she did, with the guidance, encouragement and financial

Project E Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project E - Essay Example perceive sound that comes from sound or a speaker while listening is the ability to comprehend or decode the meaning of the information from the speaker or sound. Students can be tested for their audio literacy skills by giving them tests to see if they both heard and listened to the lessons that were taught in class. Another method is to give the students audio books of tutorials that teach how to operate certain software and ask them to demonstrate their understanding of the software. There are a number of ways that can help you improve your listening skills. Hearing is one thing and listening to the information is another. It always advisable to be attentive when listening so that the information being conveyed is understood. I will explain four ways to help you improve your listening skills. I would like to conclude by saying that hearing and listening go together. Meaning that one must hear first before listening. If you fail to hear you will not listen. There are four ways of improving your listening skills and they include: maintenance of eye contact, avoiding obstruction, concentration on the message’s content and reading the body

Capital Punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Punishment - Research Paper Example The final results were seven votes for Georgia Supreme Court and two votes against. The court in a seven to two decision stated that a death penalty did not violate the Eight and the Fourteenth Amendment under all circumstances. In extreme cases, when the defendant has been convicted of killing another person in a deliberate fashion, the appropriateness of death penalty is robust, provided it is carefully employed. There was an assurance of death penalty statute in Georgia’s Supreme Court by several jury findings as associated with the severity of the crime and the nature of the defendant as well as a comparison with each of the circumstances of the capital sentences. The court stated that capital punishment imposition with careful scrutiny acted as a useful deterrent to future capital crimes and that it was a proper means of the social retribution against the most serious offenders (Gregg v. Georgia, 1975). If the main concept behind death penalty is to put the dead person to justice, then no form of genteel behavior should be shown to the condemned person. â€Å"If our motive in executions is revenge or even instant punishment, let's let the bastards suffer as much as possible. â€Å"Let them fry," as some proponents of capital punishment say. Why bother to put them to sleep?† (R.E.B., 1996, p.2) It is also stated in the article that Americans favor capital punishment even if by a small margin. It must also be mentioned that there were some instances where seven innocent men were awarded the sentence but were set free after spending considerable time in prison (R.E.B., 1996, p.2). In a separate case of McCleskey v. Kemp (1987), McClesky was a black man who was convicted of killing... This essay describes the controversial issue of the capital punishment that is present in modern society today. The researcher describes the history of the capital punishment in different countries and cultures as well as debates on the necessity of such possibility. The researcher states that death sentence is an arguable phenomenon in our times, but it can become the only form of imparting justice in some rarest of the events. Though it may appear immoral and uncivilized in the high tech society of today, it helps in sending a strong message to the society. In some cases, the capital punishment also helps in relieving the inmate of the agony to wait for years deciding his fate. The essay presents that there are instances where people had begged to be executed as a form of moral liberation for their sins, and in of the cases discussed in this essay by the researcher, there is an instance of pure discrimination. As it is also mentioned in the essay as the highest form of all punishme nts, the jury needs to be extremely careful in awarding its sentences. It is important that no innocent must be killed for the sake of protecting the law. Justice must be done fairly at all times, considering both the defendant and the prosecution sides. It is also concluded by the researcher that death sentences are awarded to cleanse the society of social evils. It is also important to remember that the jury needs to ensure that it does not send a wrong signal to the society by building a silent anger amongst the people.

Recruitment and Selection Strategies in HRM

Recruitment and Selection Strategies in HRM Strategies are made according to objectives of an organization. These are set of activities towards objectives. Corporate objectives These are the statement of intent that basically provides a firm direction for the activities an organization performs in the pursuit of its mission. Usually in organizations there is confusion and overlapping between the terms, objectives and the company goals. This confusion is easy o solve only if the company tends to think of the objectives as a statement of intents and the goals as the quantifiable targets. Sales Strategies Sales strategy can be defined as the planned approach to the account management policy formation, prospect identification and qualification, sales presentation, and order generation aimed at achieving a firms sales quotas or targets. Following are sales strategy Objectives: Helps in improving client loyalty Increases the closeting ratio by knowing clients hot buttons Helps in shorting the sales cycle with outside recommendations. Proper sales strategy helps in offering best solutions to outsell the competitors Helps in targeting and penetrating the most promising and profitable sectors and markets Helps in refining and maximizing the competitive advantage and product differentiation to increase the market margin and share. Helps in establishing a specific plan to strengthen and enhance the lead generation  source: (Businessdictionary) P-9: Devise appropriate recruitment and selection procedures. Recruitment: It is the process of attracting, screening and selection qualified people for the Job. Selection process: Screening Applicants Read all applications submitted. The selection of the top candidates for interviewing must be based on the Job Description and specifications. New criteria cannot be introduced to assess the candidates at this stage as it would be unfair. It is the responsibility of the persons conducting the interviews to complete the short-listing and to ensure the process remains free of unlawful discrimination. If a committee is used, the entire committee should agree on the short list. If a committee is not used, it is desirable that a second person also participate in the short-listing process. The criteria used to select the top candidates and all appropriate notes must be returned to Human Resources and Employee Development for filing and are retained for a period of 6 months. It is good practice that all employees that apply for a position within their department be interviewed. Former employees who have been dismissed for misconduct cannot be considered for appointment. Former employees who have since retired must meet certain qualifications due to their retirement status. If there is a question about whether an applicant can or cannot be considered contact Human Resources and Employee Development. Arranging the Interview The persons responsible for the interviews is responsible for scheduling dates and times for interviews directly with the short listed candidates and notifying the candidates of any selection tests that will be used. Federal law prohibits certain questions in an employment interview and the application for employment has been developed to comply with Federal guidelines. Examples of such illegal questions might refer to the applicants age, disability, religion, ages of children, etc. Interviewing guidelines are provided to the employing department upon referral of applications. To assure consistent treatment of each applicant, a patterned interview might be developed by the department. Such might include specific questions of job related functions, skills required, and how the applicants educational background, previous experience, etc. might be useful in the position if selected for employment. The Interview The purpose of interviewing is to appoint the best person for the job based solely on merit and suitability. The Valdosta State University recruitment and selection process achieves this using methods that are systematic, thorough, fair, unbiased and based on rational, objective, job related criteria. At the interview, each candidate should be treated consistently. To achieve this the panel should: Ask the same initial questions of each candidate Supplement their understanding of the candidates responses by following up questions as appropriate Be consistent in allowing access to presentation material, notes and so on Not allow any discriminatory questions, harassment, or any other conduct which breaches the equal opportunities policy or code of conduct Ensure that in the case of disabled candidates, the necessity for any reasonable adjustments that would be required on the job are explored in a positive manner. Assessment of disabled candidates should be based on their expected performance in the job, given that any reasonable adjustment required was provided. Keep in mind that information obtained throughout the selection process is treated as confidential and is known only to parties involved in the selection process Keep records of interviews and the reasons for decisions each question should receive a grade, and a grade for overall impression. The candidates will be ranked from highest to lowest based on the scores given and the position negotiated or offered to the highest ranking candidate. The scoring sheets and all documentation of the interviews must be given to Human Resources and Employee Development for filing Panel members must be aware that it is their responsibility to ensure recruitment/interview documentation is stored securely and confidentially whilst in their possession. Selection Tests Where selection tests are a valid method of assessing a candidate (i.e. effectively measures the job criteria, is relevant, reliable, fair and unbiased also considering the predictive capacities of tests), they are an extremely useful tool and are recommended for use. Supervisors should seek advice from Human Resources and Employee Development on the use of such tests. Hiring Decision In selecting the successful candidate, the panel must make a decision based on the merit and eligibility of the candidates as judged by: Content of application and qualifications Performance at Interview Outcome of any selection tests Reference Checks As part of assessing the merit of each candidate, persons selecting candidates must satisfy themselves that the information the candidate gives is authentic, consistent and honest. This includes being satisfied about information regarding the candidates: application work history qualifications (where a qualification is a requirement, supporting evidence or certification must be obtained from the candidate and recorded) evidence presented at interview Reference checks; references must be called and information recorded for the file a) Identify yourself immediately, explain your position within the organization and tell the person why you are calling about the applicant. b) Ensure confidentiality c) Ask if he or she is free to discuss the situation d) Try to establish rapport e) Tell the person the position the candidate is being considered for f) Let the person talk feely g) Ask the references the same questions for each of your candidates h) Always end the call with: would you rehire this person? Should any of these not meet the required standards, Human Resources and Employee Development must discuss the issue with the Supervisor/Director. Use the Employment Reference Check and Education Verification form located in Appendix 10 and Appendix 11. Criminal Background Checks. In an effort to provide a safe and secure workplace, to comply with Board of Regents Policy and to minimize the potential litigation associated with negligent hiring processes, Valdosta State University will require background checks on the top two candidates for the position. Employment shall be conditioned upon the execution of a consent form for criminal record disclosure and upon consideration of ones criminal history. The Valdosta State University Police Department, upon receipt of the Consent to Criminal History Release Form, shall conduct the background check and report results to the Department of Human Resources. The department will notify the applicants whose criminal history report prevents their employment. The applicant can be referred to Human Resources and Employee Development if they have questions on the process The applicant is allowed seven calendar days to initiate corrective action of any inaccurate report. Proof of an error in reporting shall not disqualify the applicant and the position will not be filled until this time period has expired. If no action is initiated, and if the report is factual, the hiring department may resume the employment process. P-10: Evaluate the role of motivation, remuneration and training in enhancing sales performance. Role of Motivation in sales performance. Whether you are a sales person or someone in a position who manages sales people, you need to know the importance of motivation. Although many it would be great to just hire self motivated people who dont need any help from you to take action and make sales, you need to realize that sales is a tough job and that there are people who can really become great at it with some encouragement. Being in sales can either pay you very well or can make you go broke. The better you are at sales, the more money you will make. So where does motivation come into play? Well, the main reason that most people dont like sales is because of having to deal with rejection. No one likes to be rejected but if youre in a sale, thats all part of the game. The more rejections you get, the closer to a sale you will be. Now just because you expect your sales people or yourself to go out there and make those sales calls like a machine, it doesnt mean motivation should be neglected. If you are a sales person, take the time to read and listen to motivation material. By doing this, you will constantly be feeding your mind with positive and encouraging thoughts that will help you get through those days where everyone prospect seems to be in a bad mood. For sales managers, providing your team with motivation is critical. Just look in the world of sports. Those athletes are the best in the world at what they do yet when they are losing and feeling discouraged, a simple pep talk from their coach can fire them up to the point to turn the game around. This same thing can be used on your sales people to help them see more of themselves instead of beating themselves up mentality for not making as many sales. Motivation is important because it causes people to take action. Without action, nothing happens. The key to achieve any goal is to take action. The more action you take, the closer to your goals you will be. In order to continually take action, you will need to come up with ways to motivate yourself to do what you need to do everyday in order to reach those goals. So whether you need to motivate yourself or your team, motivation plays an extremely important role in building success. Source (Wikipedia) Role of Remuneration in Sales Performance Remuneration is wages or salary, typically money that is paid for services rendered as an employee. How do you decide what remuneration packages to adopt? How do you ensure that your Remuneration packages incentives and motivate the right people? How do you make sure that the amount of pay helps your staff with their lifestyle requirements? These questions are vital ones to anybody trying to run a sales team or customer service team, when you have a look at how you can actually reward personal effort as well as maintain service. In looking at any remuneration package, its worthwhile to consider a set of scales. In any job description, there is an opportunity to analyze the work required into service aspects whereby these things have to be done to maintain the client, or maintain the client relationship, such as receiving orders, implementing orders, handling queries, general items of customer service, and also perhaps even merchandising or helping with displays, as well as ensuring that stock levels are adequate, these can be called service areas or service responsibilities. On the other hand, a sales person or customer service representative could influence the  value of the sale through their personal sales skills, personality, and training, to either make the sale happen, add value to the sale, or sell some specific items that are on special or on bonus, at the point of communication, either by phone, by web, or face-to-face. This particular activity is known as personal contribution. A relatively easy formula to follow is by adopting the scales of remuneration, you can then analyze the input from the people involved. If there is high service requirements and service levels in the performance of the job, and little opportunity to add personal influence, then a wages or base salary system will be the most cost efficient to make the results work. If there is a high personal input, whereby the sales person can strongly influence the amount of the sale or the profitability of the sale, then you can reward that personal effort by special commissions, sha re of profits, special incentives, and special rewards, for the sales as they occur after the event, and lessen the base salary or wages that need to be paid by increasing the risk factor, which of course the personal touch will overcome. Role of Training in Sales Performance The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies. It forms the core of apprenticeships and provides the backbone of content at institutes of technology (also known as technical colleges or polytechnics). In addition to the basic training required for a trade, occupation or profession, observers of the labor-market recognize today [update] the need to continue training beyond initial qualifications: to maintain, upgrade and update skills throughout working life. People within many professions and occupations may refer to this sort of training as professional development. Source (Wikipedia) P-11: Describe two techniques used to co-ordinate and control sales output. Sales out put control Outputs can be triggered manually or automatically in the sales document. Automatic determination requires maintenance of output condition record. Print programs and layout sets control content which Should be displayed in the output. controls output determination using condition   Technique. Output determination procedure is determined on the basis of sales document type (sales order type, delivery type, billing type). Standard output determination procedure for sales order (OR), Delivery (LF) and Billing (F2) is V100000. Output procedure contains output types, which can be processed when that sales document is created. One document can have Output types like Delivery note and Packing list in delivery. Output controls Medium (Like Print, Fax, EDI) Time of sending the output -e.g. immediately or in a batch Which partner function of Business partner it can be sent Language Criteria for which output condition record can be maintained for automatic output determination It offers flexibility of changing the key controls in the Sales documents. Example If order confirmation for a customer is scheduled to be printed in a batch but the customer wants it immediately then time of dispatch control can be changed in the sales order. P-12: Use given information to recommend appropriate organization structures and procedures. Team One of the newest organizational structures developed in the 20th century is team. In small businesses, the team structure can define the entire organization. Teams can be both horizontal and vertical. While an organization is constituted as a set of people who synergize individual competencies to achieve newer dimensions, the quality of organizational structure revolves around the competencies of teams in totality. For example, every one of the Whole Foods Market stores, the largest natural-foods grocer in the US developing a focused strategy, is an autonomous profit centre composed of an average of 10 self-managed teams, while team leaders in each store and each region are also a team. Larger bureaucratic organizations can benefit from the flexibility of teams as well. Functional structure Employees within the functional divisions of an organization tend to perform a specialized set of tasks, for instance the engineering department would be staffed only with software engineers. This leads to operational efficiencies within that group. However it could also lead to a lack of communication between the functional groups within an organization, making the organization slow and inflexible. As a whole, a functional organization is best suited as a producer of standardized goods and services at large volume and low cost. Coordination and specialization of tasks are centralized in a functional structure, which makes producing a limited amount of products or services efficient and predictable. Moreover, efficiencies can further be realized as functional organizations integrate their activities vertically so that products are sold and distributed quickly and at low cost .For instance, a small business could start making the components it requires for production of its products instead of procuring it from an external organization. But not only beneficial for organization but also for employees faiths. P-13: Identify and give three examples of the differences in the nature of sales tasks and skills in a variety of context. Sales Skills Effective communication Ability to listen Ask revelent questions Problem solver Well-organized Self starter and self finisher Positive self image. Well mannered and courteous Naturally Persuasive Person of Integrity Sales Task Specified amount of sales that a management sets for achieving or exceeding within a specified timeframe, and allocates required resources. Sales targets are apportioned among different sales-units such as salespersons, franchisees, distributors, agents, etc. Three Types of Sales Task Personal Sales Task A salesman of Jazz has to sell 100 connections/Sims per week Team Sales Task Peshawar region has to sellout 2000 connections in a month Organizational Sales Task Ufone has to cover 5 cities per year. P-14: Explain the role of sales staff operating in an international environment. International sales staff have very important role in an organization. To improve firms image To improve brand image Bring International talent to domestic market Bring new Ideas and knowledge Create good relationship between nations To integrate the different cultures Brining International harmony while working with different people of the world Bringing new skills and talents With all above international sales staff is the sign of Globalization. P-15: Explain the purpose of trade fairs and evaluate their contributions. Trade fair A trade fair (trade show or expo) is an exhibition organized so that companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products, service, study activities of rivals and examine recent market trends and opportunities. In contrast to consumer fairs, only some trade fairs are open to the public, while others can only be attended by company representatives (members of the trade, e.g. professionals) and members of the press, therefore trade shows are classified as either Public or Trade Only. Purpose of Trade Fairs Generating sales leads Generating actual sales at the show Enhancing your image and visibility Reaching a specific audience Establishing a presence in the marketplace Improving the effectiveness and efficiency of your marketing efforts Personally meeting your customers, competitors and suppliers Prospecting for new customers Introducing new products and services Demonstrating your product in ways not possible using other marketing channels Recruiting distributors or dealers Educating your target audience. Contribution of trade fairs to Firms Establish meaningful goals, masterfully plan your strategy, and measure your return on investment. Implement powerful marketing initiatives before, during, and after the event that engage potential buyers and generate sales. Choose the best exhibit display booth that meets your marketing needs and budgetary requirements. This includes evaluating different sizes, designs, and configurations of trade show displays. Identify the most effective graphic elements for your exhibit that portray your key messages and fulfill your brand communications needs. This includes establishing design parameters for banners, custom exhibition stands, brochures, and other materials. Learn about unique and appealing booth ideas that create buzz on the exhibition floor and attract visitors to your trade show display area. Effectively use exhibit accessories, signage and lighting techniques to heighten visibility. This includes selecting quality booth materials, high-impact portable display boards and booth fixtures that support your brand positioning. Select cost-effective giveaways and promotional products that have high-perceived value among your target prospects and complement your company image. Ensure team members who are staffing your booth project a professional appearance and are well-trained to represent your company, generate leads, and secure sales. source: (Businessdictionary) M-4: Evaluate the recruitment and selection procedure of the selected organization. Recruitment at Ufone Before recruiting a new employee, management checks whether there is a need to hire a new employee for that particular job or whether it can be incorporated into an existing employees job. Recruitment in Ufone may be of internal or external nature. Internal Recruitment In the case of internal recruitment people from within the organization are promoted to fill the vacant vacancy. The HR department and the relevant department in which the vacancy exists, analyze whether there an employee within the organization exists, who most appropriately meets the requirements of the particular vacancy. If more then one employee is eligible for the vacancy; then that employee is chosen who has the most outstanding record. After the promotion the employee may be sent for further training. The effect of internal vacancy is that it motivates the employee to perform their best and produce maximum output. It also creates a healthy competition amongst the employees. The hiring from within may have a trickle down effect i.e. the opportunities spring not just from the first vacancy but from the vacancy created when a person in the company fills that vacancy. External Recruitment If the organization feels that none of their current employees can fill out the new vacancy then they hire from external sources. In this case the human resource management considers other departments in the organization that might be interested in the appointment in order to make it a joint effort. They talk to relevant supervisors and especially to the people the new person will work with. A set of expert panelists is then selected from each relevant department to interview applicants Direct Applicants Ufone maintains a data base system i.e. HRMS (Human resource management system) for its internal employees as well as the employees which they will recruit in near future. In some case certain some people just drop their CVs at the head office. And whenever there is an opening or a vacancy occurs, the organization may call them for an interview. Referrals By advertising a post internally Ufone gains an added benefit, which is; the current employees may pass the information on to any interested friends and relations. Word of mouth is also a valuable recruitment method for them and they draw on all appropriate contacts they have Advertisements Since most of the posts are of a specialist nature, they intend on advertising in the journals of professional bodies and the trade press. Their next step is to find out how much adverts cost for varying amount of space and decide what they can afford. The HR management has hired the services of Interflow, an advertising agency, to propagate their service and company for them. They are also using the services of a web designer, Eveready media, to post the advertisement of the company on the Internet. Private Employment Agency The private Recruiting agencies collect information from unemployed as well as employed people about their skills and experiences. These agencies attempt to find some one suitable using its computerized inventory database of suitable individuals. These agencies charge Ufone for the referrals. Through Vendors (Outsourcing) Ufone also do outsourcing for the purpose of recruitment they hire firm, which will provide employee Ufone to work in the organization, but the employee will remain employee of that firm not Ufone, and this is the most common method followed by most of organization these days. Lower management at Ufone is comes through outsourcing. Electronic Recruiting The growth of information superhighway has opened up new vistas for organizations trying to recruit talent. Ufone is make full fledge use of this new technology, and it uses its own web page to advertise for new job openings. Another aspect of the electronic recruiting is that individuals dont have to physically go to the head office to drop their CVs. They now can simply use the e-CV format provided by Ufone on its home page. The e-CV is then transferred to the relevant database or the HR department. Recruitment Procedure The HR management decides on the length of the short-list, which includes five or six people at the most. Following the advert they need help to sift through the applications. Everything is computerized and on-line which makes it easier to handle large numbers of replies. In case they run short of time, they get the help of other staff, supervisors and managers in the organization. Apart from the question of time, they do this to get second opinions. They look out for the following when reading an application: How well-matched is the candidate to the requirements Any unexplained employment gaps The quality of presentation How tailored the reply is to the particular job and Ufone as an organization. Replying To Candidates The candidates that do not match the job are contacted as quickly as possible and dealt with courteously since the HR management believes in the philosophy that these people, and their relatives and friends, may be future customers or acquaintances of potential, future applicants. Those that match the job are called over to undertake an on-line evaluation test. Scheduling Interview The candidates that pass the on-line evaluation test are then called for interviews. A date and a time are arranged and the candidate appears for the interview. The questions of this interview are designed especially for gauging the personality and ability of the candidate. Screening Process The results are screened by a set of panelists in order to minimize chances of error in selecting the candidates. The HR management sometimes keeps a small number of candidates in reserve. M-5 : Highlight the motivating factors being used by the selected organization also determine the remuneration and training programs used by the organization for enhancing sales performance. Training at Ufone Training Development involves improving the knowledge, skills and abilities of the individuals. A continuous training is conducted inside Ufone to improve the performance of the employee. There are two types of trainings conducted at Ufone: In-house Training External Training In-house training is customized training which is only for Ufone employees. External training is carried out through trainers in training institutes. Employees at Ufone are usually trained through Rameez Allahwalla (in  Karachi), Possibilities and Intec (two well-known training institutes). Before training Training Need Analysis (TNA) is conducted by the manager  of the department. And after the training feedback from the employee is  taken. Motivating Factors at Ufone A very effective way to retain an employee is to give him compensation Benefits and Motivating factors at Ufone which is mentioned below: Medical Facility to employee and his/her parents Paid Vacations Food Allowance Trips Promotion on Performance Remuneration at Ufone There are about 150 employees who are working in the Ufone Head Office and 1500 employees serving nationwide. All of them are very devoted as they are given a wonderful learning environment to work, pay offered to them is also very attractive and ample chance of progress motivates them to work more. The job analysis is done on targets assigned and daily routines. The employees are indeed very satisfied and motivated. Ufone is basically equal employment opportunity organization. Almost 70% of its employees are male and 30% are female. The job description of each and every employee is predefined. Performance appraisal is done on annual basis. Average age of Ufone employee is 32 years. This shows that they prefer young and energetic people for their middle and lower level management. High profile well experienced persons are considered for top level management. Average Salary is 12000 for a Ufone employee. Salaries are increased as the federal government of Pakistan announced the percentage. M-7: Compare the sales tasks and skills being used by the two selected organization. Ufone Sales Task Skills: Successful companies have long known that a well-trained, highly motivated and efficiently connected field force is critical to their continued growth and success. Ufone realized that to stay ahead of the competition, they must replace traditional paper based systems with mobile solutions that enable access to key information directly from the field. Today, Ufones sales team is armed with Psion Teklogix WORKABOUT PRO hand-held with GPRS and a software application built on the Microsoft CE Framework; the team retrieves data from the companys accounting stock system through an Oracle database and uploads new data in the same manner. Known internally as U SFA (Ufone Sales Force Automation), this application allows sales staff to create orders, add details, fill in electronic outlet cards,