Essay on Social Reform In Charles Dicke - 899 Words

Social Reform in Dickens nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Oliver Twist and Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, both main characters refuse to except the poor hand the world has dealt them. Pip and Oliver reach a great epiphany in regards to social injustice, and in turn rebel against the system that oppresses them. They are tired of being mistreated and neglected, and thusly decide to make a stand. Charles Dickens exhibits to us through Oliver and Pip that the revolt of the weak against the strong results from the oppression of the rich caste. As a result of their revolt against the system, Pip and Oliver are ostracized for their non-conformist ideals. Thus change in an oppressing and conformist society can only be achieved through†¦show more content†¦Joe Gargery. On one occasion I soon found myself getting heavily bumped from behind in the nape of the neck and the small of the back, and having my face ignominiously shoved against the wall, because I did not answer those questions at sufficient lengt h; (12, ch. 2). This anguish inflicted by the hands of his sister resulted in Pip distancing himself from any ties with his family. Thus his independence grew as a direct result of the abuse he had faced. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In both novels the main characters have to escape from harsh living conditions and evil surroundings which in turn forces them to grow as individuals, and become independent from a conformist society. Oliver finds himself residing in an orphanage that is dark and sordid. As well he finds himself in Londons lowest slums, such as the pickpockets hideout, the surrounding streets, and the bars, which are all described as dark, gloomy, and bland. The city is described as a maze which involves a mystery of darkness, anonymity, and peril;(56, ch. 7). These horrific conditions do not keep Oliver down, but foster a need for growth inside him. Pip also is forced to live in conditions that are unattractive and unappealing. Miss Havishams house is often made to sound depressing, old, and lonely. Many of the objects within the house had not been touched or moved in many years. Cobwebs were clearly visible, as well as an abundance of dust, and even the weddingShow MoreRela tedSocial Reform in Charles Dicke906 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Reform in Dickens In Oliver Twist and Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, both main characters refuse to except the poor hand the world has dealt them. Pip and Oliver reach a great epiphany in regards to social injustice, and in turn rebel against the system that oppresses them. They are tired of being mistreated and neglected, and thusly decide to make a stand. Charles Dickens exhibits to us through Oliver and Pip that the revolt of the weak against the strong results from the

Novels and Scientific Psychology - 907 Words

Human beings are constantly learning new things about themselves. Both novels and scientific psychology allows us to understand and analyze human perception, emotion, reason and language (Van de Lagemaat, 353). Novels are illustrations and reflections of humanity, whereas scientific psychology puts a logical reasoning behind human life and personality (Hill, 12). Thus, novels remain resonant and relevant to an ordinary person in a way that scientific psychology does not. Chomsky’s claim is interesting however, there is an oversimplification about the idea that novels or any other type of literature will teach one about human life and personality more. Novels allow readers to individually feel empathy for the characters in any story because these characters reveal emotions and ideas. Psychology, on the other hand, teaches people about human life and personality by using generalizations that can be applied to groups of people (Hill 12). As an American linguist, Chomsky’s claim can be biased and from a subjective viewpoint however, I believe that both novels and scientific psychology can teach people equally about human life and human personality in different ways. There is a large difference between how novels and scientific psychology can teach people about human life and human personality. Literature is involved with emotions, revealed from usually more than one character, and has the power to make humans understand the deeper meaning of what the writer is trying toShow MoreRelatedThe Gap Between Scientist And Practitioner990 Words   |  4 Pagesthe primary concerns for clinical psychology because these unsubstantiated treatment techniques are being implemented in practices when they lack scientific research. In the majority of these cases, these questionable treatments or practices lack critical evaluation. 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Project Quality and Resource Management-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Project Quality and Resource Management. Answer: Introduction The success of any project is largely attributable to its planning process(Munns Bjeirmi, 2012, p. 82). Project planning is the process that entails determining the goals, scope, timeframe, resources and essential steps that will facilitate the achievement of the objective objectives(Muller Turner, 2016, p. 298). Project planning process results in the project management plan(Devi Reddy, 2014, p. 684). The project management plan must comprise all the critical activities, events and any other element that is deemed vital for its execution. To achieve a successful project implementation, requires the project manager to have a comprehensive project plan that defines the process and the approach the project management team will use to execute the project according to its scope(Gregory, 2012). Every project irrespective how comprehensive, big and lengthy it is, needs a plan that will keep the project team in line with its scope and deadlines. Additionally, the project plan acts a tool of communicating fundamental information to the project stakeholders. According to Stare (2014, p. 296), this s an integral part of any project. The project plan is more than dates, and therefore, it is the duty of the project managers to make sure that it is designed at the appropriate time. Ideally, the project plan preparation should be close to the date of starting the actual project execution. This because project plan determines the whole process of the project and any deviation from the project requirements, it may lead to the crumbling of the whole project(Iivari Iivari, 2013, p. 510). However, there are those who argue that the planning of the project should be made early enough before the implementation of the actual project. Based on the above conflicting arguments this paper will strive to discuss how comprehensive project plan before the start of the project facilitates to effective governance of the project. Secondly, the paper will examine whether detailed project planning is most effective immediately before the start of the project. Thirdly, the paper will analyze different opinions and suggestions from different sources and authors about the planning of the project. In the discussion about the arguments on project planning, the paper will revolve around that argument that "Detailed project planning upfront at the start of the project is essential to support effective governance of projects and ensure that projects are delivering value to the organization. Contribution of Detailed Planning Before the Start of the Project For the detailed project planning to be contributive in the project implementation, it must address some critical questions(Muller Turner, 2016, p. 302). First, the project plan should elaborate the major deliverables of the project. Secondly, the deadline for the project activities and a team that will be accrued with the responsibility of ensuring the execution of the project activities. Thirdly, defining the project team and the role each team will play in the in the planned project deliverables. Fourth, the timeframe available for the team to meet the project deliverables. Fifth, the available resources to facilitate the execution of all project activities. Sixth, the project plan must have available alternatives on how to deal with variances in the project. With the observance of the above issues, the plan will be able to offer benefits associated with the detailed project plan. Detailed planning before the start of the project helps in allocating tasks. All the project tasks must be allocated to specific team or person. With comprehensive project plan, will help the project manager to avoid assigning a single tasks to more than one team or group, a practice that results in conflict of interests( Serrador Pinto, 2015, p. 1042). Also, having a detailed project plan facilitates the clear allocation of responsibilities and get rid of the mismatch of the skills set. Again, a project plan will enable the project manager to break the complicated task into smaller and more distinct parts and allocate them the different specific teams(Gregory, 2012, p. 18). project manager to manage the risks that may occur during the implementation of the project. It is evident that projects are prone to the problems and risks. However, with the good project plan, all the risks will be monitored and managed appropriately(Martinsuo, 2013, p. 780). The project plan contains anticipated risks that might occur at the various stages of the project execution. This is followed by laying down the plans on how to deal with these risks in the event they occur. These are some of the basic aspects of managing risks that detailed project plan addresses(Munns Bjeirmi, 2012, p. 84). Besides, project managers can carry out a risk assessment to determine how some of the risks can be avoided. Resource management is another contribution provided by the detail project plan before the starting of the actual project. In the project plan, the project manager and team will identify all the essential capital resources that will be used in the execution of the project(Serrado Turner, 2013). This will enable the smooth running of the project without equipment failure, staffing changes or inventory shortages. Besides, the project manager can use project plan to reschedule resources to make sure the potential losses or wastages are avoided. For example, the manager can adopt a strategy of delaying some of the projects to save extra resources that be required. Detailed project plan, identifies the weaknesses that may accrue in the project during implementation. Project weaknesses may hamper the progress, cause delays or force the project to demand extra resources(Abdullah et al., 2011, p. 86). However, with a good project plan in place, all the weaknesses that might accrue the project will be identified and appropriate strategies put in place to address them in case they occur. According to Kerzner (2009, p. 37) effective project planning evaluates the activities of the planned project and identify the weak spots and provide corrective measures in the event, they contribute to risks. Some of the weaknesses that can be addressed by the sound project planning include competing priorities, reallocation of budget and resource shortages. Finally, sound project planning is the reason behind effective budget planning(Gregory, 2012, p. 12). Projects execution requires the employment of the resources. Bearing in mind that resources are always limited, good budget planning in needed to avoid wastage and high costs that might get in as the result of poor planning(Seymour, 2014, p. 235). With project planning in place, the project manager will be able to create realistic estimates that will aid the execution of all the project activities. Alternatively, the good project plan will allow the creation of the budget plan that permits the injection of extra resources in the event of uncertainties that may contribute to the employment of extra resources than outlined in the budget plan. Effectiveness of the Project Planning Up Front the Project In the above discussion, it has come out clear that project planning is very important for the governance of the project. However, the critical debate has continued to exist on what is the right time to have a project plan. Many scholars have argued it would be appropriate to have project plan within the significant time before the start of the project. On the other side, other authors have argued that agile project methodologies provide the best practices of project management and therefore the project plan should be made immediately before the start of the project. The argument between the two different groups of authors brings in confusion in what is the best methodology to adopt. This paper finds that the two approaches are important and therefore recommends that both of them should be applied. This discussion holds that both strategies of preparing the project plan will have the benefits during the governance of the project implementation. In the earlier discussion, this paper looks more on the benefits of having a project plan early enough before the starting of the actual project. It is also important to evaluate some of the benefits associated with having a project plan immediately before the starting of the project. In the discussion below, this paper will explore some of the advantages of having a project upfront to the start of the project. Upfront project planning has proved to be one of the critical elements surrounding the project management. Therefore, before the start of the project, the project manager should set enough time to enable him to have a well-organized, productive and successful project plan. Upfront project planning eliminates the changes that comes in when the project is about to start(Niranjan, 2015, p. 451). Having the project plan early before its actual start-up may cause the project to suffer from the changes that should be included in the complete project plan before its commencement. Those you stress on having the plan early before the start of the project disregard project plan as a mere document that should be designed and put in storage to allow the project team to get in the real work(Martinsuo, 2013, p. 796). However, preparing the project plan at the commencement of the project gives an opportunity to the project manager to lead and direct his team appropriately. Having a project plan created upfront to the project will facilitate to effective management of the people. It will help the project manager to determine the number of people and the skill portfolio that will be necessary to ensure that the objectives and the goals of the project are achieved. According to Hewagamage Hewagamage (2011, p. 93) assessing the skills needed for the running of the project immediately before the start of the project is the secret behind the successful project execution. This because project execution is prone to dynamics and therefore, having the project plan at the early stages of the project, it will help the project manager to make necessary changes in the already completed project plan. The projects are full of uncertainties. What had been included in the project plan a few months before the start of the project may be irrelevant at the begging of the project. However, having an up-front project will help to address these uncertainties appropriately. Therefore, it is important to have a project plan almost at the startup of the project to help in reducing the uncertainties that might occur(Seymour, 2014, p. 235). According to O'Sheedy (2012, p. 31) having a project plan designed at the beginning of the project helps to assess the current project environment and anticipate the uncertainties that are likely to hamper its success and productivity. This should be accompanied by the appropriate corrective measures that should be applied to counteract the uncertainties in the event of their occurrence. Upfront project planning increases understanding. As the paper has noted in the above paragraph, projects exist in the dynamic environment and what was perceived to be suitable project environment during the designing of the project plan may be unfavorable environment at the begging of the project. Therefore, having a project plan preparation at the early stages of the project will help in understanding the current project environment and evaluate whether the environment can be appropriate for the achievement of project goals and objectives. The project plan before the immediate start of the project improves efficiency( Karaman Kurt, 2015, p. 574). When the actual work of the project is about to commence all the necessary resources made available as well as the project team. If the project plan is designed at this stage, it will be able for the project plan team to put into consideration all the critical issues that promote the success of the project as well as the ones that can hinder the realization of the project goals and objectives. Conclusion Based on the argument whether up front plan is important before the beginning of the project based on the positions of the two groups, this paper opts to go for a neutral position. Based on the above discussion, this paper finds out that there are numerous benefits associated with the project plan before the start of the project. On the other side, the paper also finds that projects are prone dynamics and therefore the project plan that was deemed vital for the execution of the project may become a mere document to be kept on the shelves in the event of uncertainties. References Karaman, E. Kurt, M., 2015. Comparison of project management methodologies: Prince 2 versus PMBOK for it projects. Int. Journal of Applied Sciences and Engineering Research, 4(4), pp. 572-579. Serrador, P. Pinto, J. K., 2015. Does Agile work? A quantitative analysis of agile. International Journal of Project Management, 3(3), p. 10401051. Abdullah, A. A., Harun, Z. Rahman, H. A., 2011. Planning Process of Development Project in the Malaysian Context: A Crucial Brief Overview. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 1(2), pp. 74-81. Devi, R. T. Reddy, S., 2014. Work Breakdown Structure of the Project. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 2(2), pp. 683-686. Gregory, H. T., 2012. Effective Work Breakdown. S.l.: Management Essential Library. Hewagamage, C. Hewagamage, K. P., 2011. Redesigned Framework and Approach for IT Project Management. International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications, 5(3), pp. 89-106. Iivari, J. Iivari, N., 2013. The relationship between organizational culture and the deployment of Agile methods. Information and Software Technology, 5(3), pp. 509-520. Kerzner, H., 2009. Project Management: A System Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. New York: Van Nostrand. Martinsuo, M., 2013. Project portfolio management in practice and contex. Int. J. Proj. Manag, 3(1), p. 794803.. Muller, R. Turner, J., 2016. The influence of project managers on project success criteria and project success by type of project. European Management journal, 25(4), pp. 298-309. Munns, A. K. Bjeirmi, B. F., 2012. The role of project management in achieving project success. International Journal of Project Management, 14(2), pp. 81-87. Niranjan, M. P., 2015. Approaching and managing the delivery of a project using Project Management methodologies. Asian Journal of Management Research, 5(3), pp. 451-458. O'Sheedy, D. G., 2012. A study of agile project management methods used for IT implementation projects in small and medium-sized enterprises, Lismore, NSW. : Southern Cross University. Serrado, P. Turner, J., 2013. The impact of the planning phase of project success, Oslo, Norway: s.n. Seymour, T., 2014. The History Of Project Managemen. International Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(4), pp. 233-340. Stare, A., 2014. Agile Project Management in Product Development Projects. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119(19), pp. 295-304.

Shui Fabrics Essay Example

Shui Fabrics Essay This  case is about  the implementation of an  employee involved and empowered organization  at  Elektra ProductsInc. The top management recommended  to implement such as to permit managers to follow a product from design to sales to customer; allow sales employees to get an on the spot refund of $500 worth of merchandise; make information available to sales people about future products and swap sales and manufacturing employees  for short periods to let them get to know one another’s job.Read also   ANALYSIS OF OUR SECRET BY SUSAN GRIFFINOn the other hand the  majority of the company employees upon hearing of the plan have shown disinterest and scepticism  to the idea,  due to would like to implement as per the Director of the Human Resources Department the idea for personal change would everyone’s low morale, loss of trust towards the company and  lack of communication. The  employees are not open to embrace the change that the company destr oy the carefully crafted job categories that had just been completed.The finance department argued that allowing sales people to make $500 refunds would create a goldmine for unethical customers and sales people and the legal department warned that providing such information to sales people can result to industrial spying. All these were mentioned by the employees after the CEO Martin Griffin left to attend a meeting for a particular client.Barbara Russell the vice president of the manufacturing department and part of the problem solving team is left with the idea whether to keep her mouth shut; take a chance and confront Martin to push slowly for the reform and work for gradual support from other teams; or look for another job and leave the company she really cares about. II. Objectives The  objectives of the  problem are to  provide a successful  action plan  towards  the  involvement and empowerment of the company employees and to establish a harmonious relationship   with all the employees and top management. Case Study:  Shui FabricsI. Statement of the Problem: Rocky  River Industries is thinking of cancelling tit’s joint venture with Shanghai Fabric Ltd. , due to  itsinefficient 5% ROI for the past three years,  Rocky  River Industries  is expecting Shui Fabrics to 20% ROI. Shui Fabrics  was said to be inefficient due to its unsophisticated technology and  Rocky  River  would like to reduce workforce  by incorporating more sophisticated machinery  to increase ROI to 20%. II. Objectives The  objective of the problem is to determine possible solution to keep the joint venture of Rocky River andShanghai Fabric. IV.Framework of Analysis/Evaluation of Alternative Actions: Strengths  (Internal to the organization) Shanghai Fabric  contribution to the local economy Helps decrease unemployment rate in China Weaknesses  (Internal to the organization) Company generates just the right level of profit, and had been consistently at 5% ROI Opportunities  (External to the organization) Competitors are using more sophisticated technology that doesn’t require more workforces Threats  (External to the organization) Importation of products and services from America to China can also be localized Current US tariffs and quotas could change at any timeStrengths-Opportunities Upgrading or incorporating more sophisticated machinery will increase efficiency and productivity, it will also help  Shanghai Fabric  compete with local and international competitors and more business joint ventures with other organization. Thus implementing this will help in increasing the employment rate and avoid workforce lay-off. Strengths-Threats By strengthening  Shanghai Fabric  it will help their company grow and not need a 50-50 joint venturethat  will give them 100% profit. Weaknesses-Opportunities Updating their machineries will increase the company’s return

The Yellow Turban Rebellion in China

The Yellow Turban Rebellion in China The people of Han China reeled under a crushing tax load, famine, and floods, while at court, a group of corrupt eunuchs wielded power over the decadent and hapless Emperor Ling.  Chinas government demanded ever more taxes from the peasantry to fund fortifications along the Silk Road, and also to build sections of the Great Wall of China in order to fend off nomads from the Central Asian steppes. As natural and barbarian disasters plagued the land, the followers of a Taoist sect led by Zhang Jue decided that the Han Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven.  The only cure for Chinas ills was a rebellion and the establishment of a new imperial dynasty.  The rebels wore yellow scarves wrapped around their heads - and the Yellow Turban Rebellion was born. The Origins of the Yellow Turban Rebellion Zhang Jue was a healer and some said a magician.  He spread his messianic religious ideas through his patients; many of them were poor farmers who received free treatments from the charismatic doctor. Zhang used magical amulets, chanting, and other practices derived from Taoism in his cures. He preached that in the year 184 CE, a new historical era would begin known as the Great Peace. By the time the rebellion broke out in 184, Zhang Jues sect had 360,000 armed followers, mostly from the peasantry but also including some local officials and scholars.   Before Zhang could set his plan into motion, however, one of his disciples went to the Han capital at Luoyang and revealed the plot to overthrow the government. Everyone in the city identified as a Yellow Turban sympathizer was executed, more than 1,000 of Zhangs followers, and court officials marched out to arrest Zhang Jue and his two brothers. Hearing the news, Zhang ordered his followers to start the uprising immediately. An Eventful Uprising Yellow Turban factions in eight different provinces rose up and attacked government offices and garrisons. Government officials ran for their lives; the rebels destroyed towns and seized armories.  The imperial army was too small and incompetent to deal with the wide-spread threat posed by the Yellow Turban Rebellion, so local warlords in the provinces built their own armies to put down the rebels.  At some point during the ninth month of the year 184, Zhang Jue died while leading the defenders of the besieged city of Guangzhong.  He likely died of disease; his two younger brothers died in battle with the imperial army later that year. Despite the early deaths of their top leaders, smaller groups of the Yellow Turbans continued to fight for another twenty years, whether motivated by religious fervor or simple banditry. The most important consequence of this on-going popular rebellion was that it exposed the weakness of the central government and led to the growth of warlordism in different provinces around China.  The rise of warlords would contribute to the coming civil war, the dissolution of the Han Empire, and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms period.   In fact, General Cao Cao, who went on to found the Wei Dynasty, and Sun Jian, whose military success paved the way for his son to found the Wu Dynasty, both gained their first military experience fighting against the Yellow Turbans. In a sense, then the Yellow Turban Rebellion spawned two of the three kingdoms.  The Yellow Turbans also allied themselves with another group of major players in the downfall of the Han Dynasty - the Xiongnu. Finally, the Yellow Turban rebels have served as role models for Chinese anti-government movements through the ages, including the Boxer Rebels of 1899-1900 and the modern-day Falun Gong movement.

Marketing Project Management Tool Is CoSchedule the Best One for You

Marketing Project Management Tool Is the Best One for You is an all-in-one hub to help content creators get organized and produce awesome work. Built to support your entire workflow from ideation to execution, every feature has been designed to make getting more stuff done in less time easier. In short, it’s all things content marketing, all in one place. What if you’re a project manager, rather than a marketer yourself, though? You might not be getting your hands dirty creating content, but you are responsible for making sure the creatives on your team finish their work on time, under budget, and up to expectations. That’s no easy feat, and you need a marketing project management tool that can support your needs. Fortunately, has you covered. Why Should I Use for Project Management? As a collaborative tool, our software is here to support your entire team. And even if you’re not a project manager yourself, odds are you’re responsible for some project management tasks. That’s especially true if your team doesn’t have a designated project manager, and you need something that can help keep all your tasks and deadlines straight on your own. So, how can make you better at project management? Let’s count the ways.

My Government Expectations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Government Expectations - Essay Example Chinese communist government’s functions that I seek to introspect on what I expect from my government on a day-to-day basis as well as in posterity. Essentially, one of the most basic services is health care and insurance, in China there is a government health insurance system that is similar to America’s Medicare . As a citizen, I expect to access government funded health insurance, in China there are two systems the labor insurance schemes (LIS) and government employee insurance scheme1. Depending on where I am working, I can be assured of cover and access to public medical facilities at a highly subsidized cost. However, I must concede that it is not as straightforward on the ground as it is on paper. There is a huge disparity between the level of care provided in public and private hospitals. In some cases, I am well aware that people shun government hospitals because the care is more efficient in the private clinics. Nevertheless, that is to be expected and is oft en the case in many countries but at the very least, I can be assured that I will have access to effective even if not the best medical care should I need it. As far as education is concerned, every Chinese child is guaranteed nine years of compulsory education that is sponsored by the government. In the 80’s, due to the high population pressure, the government abolished the tax-funded higher education2, today for anyone to get these scholarships they have to compete for them on the basis of merit.

Global Studies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Studies - Research Paper Example The imposition fact is ascertained through the investigation and study of politics in different parts of the world. While bulk of the African continent is characterized by impoverished state of existence, there are exceptions that invoke serious thinking beyond a pre conceived mind set. One of the examples given by James Robinson and Daron Acemoglu is that of Botswana- a minnow state in continent, yet its standing compared to the neighboring region is far more different in terms of the social and economic level of prosperity. Its standing in terms of the per capita income allows it a seat amongst the likes of Costa Rica, Argentina and Russia. The very near neighboring zone comprising of the likes of Congo and other names of destitute depict a sorry tale of affairs in political and economic domain. Hence it is the doing of local brain, internal assessment and administration that determine the overall outlook of a nation in terms of its success or failure. Other similar example present ed by the author is that of the Korean Peninsula. The two adjoining neighbors (South Korea and North Korea) enjoy a different level of social standing, prosperity, GDP, per capita income). The demographics of the two countries are as identical as the biological twins, yet it is the policies, maneuvering of the economic and political activity that leads to either prosperity of poverty. The same stands true on the GDP per capita income of the two nations with South Korea ranked at a position of 48 (World bank Indicators) while North Korea at the rock bottom of the list, all to the internal policies and priorities. The former adopted a policy that was people friendly, ushered economic activity, provided freedom on business fronts, incorporated businesses locally and abroad. It is the mindset within that restricts prosperity. Number of events and traces can be extracted from the era of Industrial revolution. Industrial revolution was one event in the modern history that significantly ch anged the outlook of businesses, economy and countries standing among others. However despite the effective presence of such a vibrant force of industrial revolution certain societies failed to attain the goals and fruit from the potential of industrial revolution. One of the country that stands at the top of this list is Russia. Driven by a Tsarist ruler, Peter The Great, the fear of people’s empowerment led to the distancing of technology, advancements from people. The ruling elite feared that the weapon of progress and prosperity via Industrial revolution would give people more power to act, think and respond accordingly. His power, authority, resources, brainstorming, think tank, all were vested around the strengthening of the political grip rather than cashing in on the valuable gem that had been gifted to the entire Europe in form of industrial revolution. Hence the maintenance of status quo demanded keeping the effective tool of industrial revolution from the people. T he decay process was not just limited to internal hatchery of unjust acts, rather the process of stagnation, isolation and exploitation was accomplished and aided by the external force in the form of Colonial powers intrusion into different societies. The colonial trends resulted in a visible gulf between the locals and the usurpers who had forcefully handicapped the culture and society of the locals therein. Adam Smith has invested his thoughts and research in determining the

Conclusion and if I could Essay Example for Free

Conclusion and if I could Essay The rate of reaction is the speed that a reaction takes place and how long it occurs for. Chemical reactions only occur when reacting particles collide with each other with sufficient energy to react. The minimum amount of energy required to cause this reaction is called the activation energy. There are different variables to consider when measuring the rates of reaction. These can include catalysts, surface area, temperature or concentration of the liquid. These being changed can either increase or decrease the rate at which the reaction takes place. Temperature: in a cold reaction mixture the particles are moving quite slowly-the particles will collide with each other less often, with less energy, and fewer collisions will succeed to occur. However if we heat the reaction mixture the particles create kinetic energy and will move more quickly-the particles will collide more often. It is hard to measure accurately the temperatures and will be hard to keep precise when obtaining evidence so I wont experiment with the temperature. Concentration: in a reaction where a reactant is low in concentration, the particles are spread out and will collide with each other less often resulting in a slower reaction. If the concentration of any reactant in a solution is increased, the rate of reaction is increased because the particles are more crowded together and will collide more often. Increasing the concentration, increases the probability of a collision between reactant particles because there are more of them in the same volume and so increases the chance of a collision forming products. (slower ifaster, illustrated below). Surface area: large particles have a small surface area in relation to their volume-fewer particles are exposed and available for collisions. This means that fewer collisions happen and therefore the reaction is slower. When we use a smaller solid reactant you are increasing the surface area and that makes the reaction occur faster. If one of the reactants is a solid, the surface area of the solid will affect how fast the reaction goes. This is because the two types of molecule can only bump into each other at the surface of the solid. So the larger the surface area of the solid, the faster the reaction will be. Smaller marble chips have a bigger surface area than larger chips for the same mass of solid. There is not enough variation available for this experiment so I wont do this. * Catalysts: a catalyst is a substance which increases the rate of a chemical reaction, without being used up in the process. It can be used more than once to increase the rate of conversion of reactants into products. A catalyst lowers the amount of energy needed for a successful collision- so more collisions will be successful and the reaction will be faster. Also it provides a surface for the molecules to attach to, thereby increasing their chances of bumping into each other. Catalysts are specialized so different reactions need different catalysts. Prediction: I shall be measuring how the change in the rates of reaction changes when the concentration of acid is changed. This change in concentration will affect the rate of reaction because when acid is diluted there is more space for the particles to move so fewer collisions take place. To make these experiments fair tests, I shall make sure that I measure all reactants and make sure the temperature of the liquid are the same. I shall take great care to make sure that no catalysts are added. I shall also make sure that I use hydrochloric acid taken from the same source to make sure it is as similar as possible but I will be changing the concentration of the liquid but diluting it with various amounts of water. I will be using calcium carbonate marble chips and hydrochloric acid to measure the rates of reaction and I will change the ratio of water: acid to change the concentration. I chose to do preliminary experiments to investigate the best amount of reactants to use in my experiments. I did 5 preliminary experiments and they all came out with various results. I came to the conclusion that 1g medium sized marble chips and 10 ml of liquid gave the best results. After doing the preliminary experiments I think the best result was the experiment that I did last. So I have chosen to use those variables in my final experiment. I think that when I perform my final experiment, I shall receive similar results to my preliminary experiment. To find the best possible outcome, I will repeat each test 3 times and will have 6 differently concentrated acid amounts. The amount of liquid will be the same at all times but the ratio of water and acid will change. I will record each reading at 20 second intervals to reduce an excess of results. Amount of acid(ml) Amount of water(ml) Concentration of liquid % Safety: To make sure the experiment is carried out safely, I will wear protective goggles, I shall tie my hair back, wear an overall. I shall also not sit down by the equipment while the experiment is in progress because if anything gets knocked over, I would have a delayed reaction and it would take me longer to get out of the way.

Holens Breakdown :: essays papers

Holens Breakdown â€Å"This fall I think you’re riding for- it’s a special kind of fall, a horrible kind. The man falling isn’t permitted to feel or hear himself hit the bottom. He just keeps falling and falling. The whole arrangement’s designed for men who, at some time or other in their lives, were looking for something their own environment couldn’t supply them with. So they gave up looking. They gave it up before they ever really even got started.† Holden Caulfield’s fall to psychological breakdown begins with his brother Allie’s death. To Holden, Allie represents everything that was good in this world. When Allie is first described, Holden only says great things about him. â€Å"You’d have liked him... He was terrifically intelegent... He was the nicest (member of the family).† Therefore when Allie dies, the good things in his world disappears. After this first major event, Holden gradually realizes that he is powerless to change the evil and corrupt world that he lives in. Holden is looking for something that his own environment couldn’t supply him, the only thing that he ever liked, Allie. â€Å"Just because somebody’s dead, you don’t just stop liking them, for God’s sake- especially if they were about a thousand times nicer than the people you know that’re alive and all.† Another early event in Holden’s life is the death of James Castle. Holden sees himself as James in many ways. James would not take back what he said about a conceited boy, and jumped out of the window before he would do something that he did not believe in. Holden is the same in many ways. He refuses to accept the fact that the world is evil, and does everything in his power to change it. â€Å"The mark of an immature man is that he wants to die nobly for a cause, while the mark of a mature one is that humbly for one.† Another similarity between them both is that James was wearing Holden’s sweater when he fell out of the window. As he saw James lying on the ground, Holden sees a part of himself die with him. The part that dies is the part that believes in the goodness of people and the world. Holden’s tendency to get kicked out of schools is both a reason and effect of

Culture shock Essay

Culture in simplicity is a body of learned behavior, a collection of beliefs, habits and traditions, shared by a group of people and successively learned by people who enter the society. Furthermore, culture is learned, not inherited. If this is correct, then it can be assumed that it is not impossible to learn new cultural traits and to unlearn old ones. Therefore, it must be feasible to integrate cultural differences. Cultural adaptation would involve many essentials as, language; verbal and non-verbal, economics, religion, politics, social institutions, values, attitudes, manners, customs, material items, aesthetics and education. Culture shock is primarily a set of emotional reactions to the loss of perceptual reinforcements from one’s own culture to new cultural stimuli, which have little or no meaning. In layman’s terms, culture shock is the anxiety resulting from losing one’s sense of when to do what and how. There are many different ways to experience culture shock. It can be experienced across the world or as near as one’s backyard. Some aspects of culture shock include strain caused by the effort to adapt, sense of loss and feeling of deprivation, status, profession, possessions, feelings of rejection and rejecting members of the new culture, confusion in role, values, self-identity crisis, anxiety, disgust, anger on foreign practices and feelings of helplessness of not being capable of adapting to the new environment. Culture shock is a widely experienced phenomenon when people enter a different country. Many Americans would venture that they consider themselves very culturally accepting. Often, when these same Americans travel abroad, they experience culture shock. It is not always a negative thing. Often it is just the shock of being in a place that is completely different in every way from anything one has ever known. The first Push factor is that operating in an unfamiliar environment is stressful and â€Å"hard work.† Secondly, it leads to feelings of helplessness as well as self-doubt. The role of an individual may be confused due to the new environment. Lastly, the more one learns about a different culture, the more visible differences become. The different practices could disgust a person, and the person would feel â€Å"guilty† because they â€Å"failed to respect local customs.† A good example is walking through a door regardless of other  people coming behind. I did it so many times with a clear mind not knowing how detrimental in was to my reputation on campus. So many kids misunderstood my ignorance to certain American cultural norms and hated me with a passion. The two Pull factors are loss of status and the ever-common homesickness. Whenever something new happens to me, mostly in shock, I remember home. I feel so demoralized and want to return back home. The stages do not always have smooth transition and take a different amount of time for each different individual. There is the initial contact, disintegration of the old familiar cues, reintegration of new cues, gradual autonomy and independence. Each stage is described according to the individual’s perceptions, emotional ranges, behaviors and interpretations of these. Disintegration is a period of confusion and disorientation where the differences become increasingly noticeable as different behaviors, values, and attitudes are introduced. The next stage is reintegration, which is characterized by a strong rejection of the new culture. This is the stage when visitors to a new and different country like me usually return home. It is when an individual wants to return to what they’re used to and know. Autonomy is when there is a rising sensitivity to the understanding of the new culture. The individual is relaxed and capable of understanding what happens around them. This stage is marked by the growth of personal flexibility and the development of appropriate coping skills. The last stage is independence. This is described as attitudes, emotionality, and behavior that are independent but not â€Å"independent† of cultural influence. Basically this stage is when the individual reaches a self-actualized state of being in which they choose to explore the diversity of the world, while still maintaining their sense of self as a changing being. It is the capability of having preconceptions, assumptions, values, and attitudes challenged. I believe that culture shock has a behavioral core, meaning the behavior determines the stage of shock, it has an emotional core, meaning the emotion experienced determines the level. Preparing for a two-year overseas college degree program in Lagos, Nigeria, I submitted to no fewer than five shots as a protective measure against everything from yellow fever to hepatitis. Although I managed to avoid any  dreaded tropical disease during his assignment, I contracted one malady for which there was no vaccination. The disease was culture shock. To speak of my own experiences, I have traveled abroad several times to different countries. Each time I left Nigeria, I was convinced that the culture in the country I was visiting would not be that much different. Every time I arrived, even so close to Nigeria in South Africa, I was bombarded by a culture difference than mine. Even within these individual countries there were different â€Å"sub-cultures† that were completely new to me. I spent a few months in South Africa and just when I thought I had gotten used to the culture, something would happen that made me experience culture shock all over again. That was quite a clash of different cultural beliefs and a difficult one to explain to my parents! One specific example of cultural difference is the market bargain. In America, when one goes to purchase an item, most times, no matter where one purchases it, it has a set market price. In Nigeria, there is no such thing as a set price unless you go to big stores. The vendors expect and want their customers to haggle with them and bargain the prices down. When I first tried to buy a necklace, the vendor got insulted because I wouldn’t haggle and refused to sell the necklace to me. Eventually I got the hang of haggling, but as soon as I got used to that, American culture found other differences to swing my way. Towards the end of my most recent two-month stay in a college where I intend to get my college degree, I feel reached a stage of autonomy in the model of culture shock. I was astonished by the sight of students who disregard the riches of the world and dressed in shabby outfits in practice popularly known as ‘hippies’. Many of them had metals pierced through their tongues, nipples, belly buttons, lips and eyebrows. In other countries, there’s nothing wrong with that, it was just shocking to have something I had always taken for granted so blatantly pointed out! I was appalled to find out just how â€Å"Nigerian† I am. Therefore an understanding of cultural self-awareness is important to understand ones own logic and structure before one can understand another. Another essential ingredient is communication. For a long time, my work supervisor nursed a bad impression toward my attitude to work because I  always responded contrary to her instructions. The only reason was the difficulty I had to apprehend the American accent. This problem lingered until I explained myself out. Because of this problem, many students feel uncomfortable interacting with me. It seemed to me like an unending quest to blend into the society because I had no other option other than explaining myself to a student body of seven hundred. Proficiency in communicating can also play a major role in adjusting to culture shock. Enhancing intercultural communication improves the procedural insight of a person interacting with those of another culture. For example, it is a known fact that Americans can be very expressive and open; blunt fits well, an American expatriate going to Nigeria, for instance, will face difficulties in holding back their thoughts as Nigerians are a fairly reserved set of people. Cultures have different perceptions of how each of these categories should be interpreted to be appropriate. Americans have very high individualism and relatively low power distance; thus, they prefer to do things themselves and are equal in terms of power. Conversely many of the underdeveloped countries such as Nigeria, Hong Kong and Columbia are characterized by a large power distance and low individualism, these nations tend to be collectivist in their approach. In summary, the home culture of an expatriate predisposes them to certain behaviors and situations. It allows them to operate efficiently in the environment. However, moving to another country changes that operating environment and makes their ‘mental software’ less efficient and effective. Better cultural understanding gives informational knowledge, in essence, about the host country and culture. My advice is not to mimic or copy local behavior, instead, just be yourself. Concepts such as values, needs, behaviors and norms are required to be understood. This information can assist them in better executing their work tasks and by knowing that culture shock may be present and is not a permanent disease will hopefully reduce their symptoms. In order to avoid culture shock, I suggest cross-cultural training programs that emphasize the cultural differences between behaviors of two different cultures. It would provide skills and information regarding the culture so that the visitor knows what to expect with their new culture. The training is aimed at cognition and designed to change the way people  think about differences between different societies. Communication, in-groups, and socially acceptable activities as well as socially unacceptable activities are all discussed and explained. Personally, as much as I think that would help limit culture shock, nothing short from going to the different cultures itself would eliminate it completely. A doctor can’t cure a patient with out ever seeing them; I don’t think culture shock can be prevented with out exposure. I personally don’t see a problem with culture shock as long as it doesn’t result in something harmful to oneself or others. A result of learning about another culture abruptly through culture shock, is that the individual learns about his or her self, his or her own culture, and new identities in the different culture. The individual learns to grow towards multicultural perspectives and develop alternative futures for his or her self, thus making his or her self a more culturally accepting person.

Operating system with inputs, transformation process and outputs Essay

The operating system that I have chosen is a particular service operation: the realisation of a music concert. As every other organisation that produce goods or services, it has a precise operating system, composed by a range of inputs, a transformation process and a final output. INPUTS – We must distinguish between two different kind of resources: transformed resources, that are the resources treated and transformed in some way, and transforming resources, that are the resources that act upon the transformed resources. The transformed resources are usually materials, information and customers; very often one of these is dominant. A concert, like many other service operation, is predominantly a customer processing operation. The main task of the musicians, and therefore also of the organisers, is to process audience in a way in which satisfies their public, maximising their enjoyment. There is of course a very high contact between audience and operation; in fact a concert is a typical example of an operation in which satisfaction is measured by customers perceptions, that are subjective. That means that is quite difficult to measure and control them. So, for example, the administrators of a music hall, following the music market sales, should try to have as a guest only the most successful musicians of the moment. The other transformed resources, together with audience, is the building converted or arranged for the concert. It can be a music hall, a stadium, an indoor stadium or merely an open park, in any case it goes through a complete transformation of its appearance and its utilisation. As regards the transforming resources, there are two different types: facilities and staff. Facilities are all the materials used to prepare the building for the concert. Depending on the location of it, they can have some differences, but surely there must be a stage, a checkpoint, lights and all musical and technological equipment (instruments, cables, microphones, mixer, etc.). Then, not always, there could be seats, banisters, changing room, toilets,  bars, and checkrooms. Staff are all the people in the operation, at any level, who carry out the concert. The most important are obviously the musicians: if music concert is the product, the skills of musicians are the human capital of the entire process. But besides them a music concert needs also technicians, stage assemblers, security guards and box-office attendants. TRANSFORMATION PROCESS – The transformation process is the music played for the audience, the concert itself, together with all other aspects of exhibition. The whole process usually does not cover more than one day. We can say that this kind of customer-processing operation is concerned with transforming the psychological state of the audience, which is typical for most entertainment services, such as theatre, television and radio. OUTPUTS – The output of a music concert is first of all the entertained audience, but we cannot forget to mention the importance of having guaranteed security for all the people inside the building. The general characteristics of these outputs are the same that distinguish outputs of every organisation that produces services from outputs of organisation that produce goods: not tangible, non-storable, untransportable and simultaneous (in other words produced and consumed at the same time). Just the exact opposite of a normal good. Another difference between goods and services, as said before, is that the quality of goods is reasonably evident, it is measurable. But in a concert it is a little bit more complicate. The customer is inside the operation, he judges not only the outcome of the service (the music), but also the aspects of the way in which it was produced (all the rest of the scene). The input-transformation-output model can also be used within operations. All operations are made up for several units or departments, witch themselves act as smaller versions of the whole operation, with their own resources and their own outputs. So any operation can be considered as a hierarchy of operations. This is more true for greater manufacturing operation than the  ours, but also inside a music concert we can distinguish some different micro operations, as stage operations, location for audience, performance realisation.

woman in nigeria Essay

woman in nigeria Essay woman in nigeria Essay Woodland Football Team The Woodland football Varsity team is more than just â€Å"a team† to most. To man it is a family, like a group of brothers! People can misunderstand how much more than just a sport football can be. Football is one of the most popular sports in America and it is not only known for how close a team bonds but a protection for one another like a brother. Football is also greatly known for the amazing physical contact of the sport. Football is more than just a sport, it’s a way of life because you can learn so much from it such as to keep pushing yourself, and work together as a team. Many people speak, and spread rumors of how we are not a very good type of role-model to look up too because many believe we are jerks. This however is way off and not true! I will admit none of us are perfect, but then again who is? We are all average students at Woodland high school. Most however are actually motivated to get better grades than most. This is because to even play on the team there are grades we all must have so this is the extra push that helps us achieve such high academic goals. On top of that succeeding in the sport and academically in high school will help us get into college. As a team we go through losses, wins, and practices in the blazing hot sun that’s way harder than most can believe. After two hours of continues hard sweaty work, any man would just want to give up and quit, but we pull together as a team to finish practice strong and conquer the game. Before every home game we have delicious bonding team dinners, and stay close together every day a t lunch. The locker room has been the place we’ve had some of the best times, in cheer and dancing, to teammates in tears from defeat. But no matter what the setting is, we go through it together, as a team, a community, and a family. All these experiences bring us close together to accomplish one goal, defeat the opponent

How to Write Perfect Expository Essays Without Wasting Your Time

How to Write Perfect Expository Essays Without Wasting Your Time Are you required to write an expository essay for school? It's better to start your work with short research. You have to understand the main purpose of writing this type of paper. In this detailed guide, you will find good tips about making expository essays. We will provide you with the entire process of writing and give some ideas how to structure your future paper, how to choose an interesting topic, how your essay should be started, how to write good thesis statement, body, and provide you with ideas of expository essay examples. It's understandable that not each and every person has strong skills in writing. Many people waste their time and efforts to create a good expository essay, and they are not always successful. Read our detailed instruction and make an interesting expository essay to impress your teacher. In an expository essay, students need to place detailed explanation of chosen subject using just fair analysis without personal opinion. It's possible to mark several types of this essay. Definition essay – explains the meaning of an object, word, or any concept. This can be work written about any kind of animal (cat, lion) or subject of our world (flowers, plane). It is possible to describe an abstract thing in our life: love, happiness, or sadness. Classification essay – in this paper, writer divide characteristics into groups and categories and describes each category for readers. Compare and contrast essay – this work shows differences and similarities between two or more subjects. Cause and effect essay. This work points how one thing depends on another. The author needs to choose two subjects and focus on why something has happened, and what facts and reasons caused this to happen. â€Å"How to† essay. This is a paper that explains the entire procedure of some process with details. ORDER EXPOSITORY ESSAY The Process of Creating a Successful Expository Essay You have learned main goals and types of expository essay. We want to provide you with the clear and detailed plan of writing; follow this list with useful steps and tips that will help you make an interesting essay. Prewriting phase. First of all, you need to think what information you are going to include in your future essay. Brainstorm your ideas and choose most important moments you want to explain and describe to your readers; you can read expository essay examples to get some ideas about writing. Make notes to keep in mind important things, and you won't forget anything. Define structure. Any expository essay must have a concrete structure that includes five main paragraphs. You need to start your work with an introduction where you explain the main goal of your essay to readers. Don't make this part too long, usually, it should be one page or less. The next three paragraphs are your essay's body part: you need to provide readers with details that support your thesis statement. Remember you need to prove each argument of your essay with evidence. The final paragraph is a conclusion, where you have to restate thesis and finish your work. Logical end is necessary for the successful essay, that's why this paragraph requires a lot of attention from you. Make an essay outline. Some students may think the outline is time-wasting for them, but it can turn to a clear plan for your future essay, so you should spend some time to create it. You will spend less time with writing if you create an outline: when you travel with a map, you know where and how to go. Put into your outline both general information and details related to your topic. Write a draft. It's time to make a draft of your future expository essay: use your outline and don't forget about structure – these are key moments for creating an effective expository essay. Don't worry about misprints and mistakes on this stage, think about the plot; you will have time to revise and correct your essay. Polish your expository essay. After you have finished your essay, it's time to re-read it and see what parts must be changed; we suggest taking some rest after you wrote an essay, and revise it with refreshed eyes. You have to check your work and find logical, grammar, and punctuation mistakes. ORDER MY PERFECT A-GRADE ESSAY Tips for Writing an Expository Essay If you feel you need more help with your expository paper, these easy and effective hints will be effective in making a successful expository essay. Write thesis statement at end of the introduction. Make sure each and every sentence of your essay is connected to the thesis. Paragraphs of your expository essay should be connected to each other, that's why you can write some sentences between them to make entire paper logical and smooth. Don't bring any new information in conclusion. Read assignment before you start to work on your future paper, and try to mark all important moments your teacher wants to see in your essay. Include a lot of information into the outline. It will be easier to write an expository essay according to a detailed plan. If grammar isn't your strong side, feel free to use special software to find and fix grammar errors in your expository essay. Ask your friend or relative to read your expository paper; you can make some corrections into your essay in accordance with their feedback. Avoid obvious topics and standard language, and try to be creative and extraordinary! Below, we will provide you with essay topic examples. Keep in mind that reader must learn something new after reading your expository essay. Best Expository Essay Topics We want to give you some expository essay topic ideas. You can use our ideas to make a good paper. Surf Internet to find more expository essay examples and topics by popular writers online.    Expository Essay Topics for High School Students How is it possible to prevent bullying in schools? How does the human brain evolve during years of our life? What causes an allergic reaction, and how is it possible to prevent it? How robots help people, and why they can replace people in some professions? Explain why some people prefer to send an email instead of direct conversation. Compare living in the house and in flat; write main points that make these place different. Why some teenagers commit suicide, and what possible ways to prevent this? Explain why the idea of leaving parents' house make some teenagers feel scared? Why kids smoke, and how teachers should react on that? How to write a good speech for high-school conference? Topics for Expository Essays for College Describe five objects that symbolize our culture. What causes teenagers to fight with parents, and how is it possible to prevent this? Why parents' divorce causes children suffer? If you were an animal, which one you'd choose? Why it's important for any person to get driver's license? If you were an object, which one you'd select? Describe a thing that makes you happy and smiley. Why some kids skip school, and how their parents should react? If you were a flower, which one you'd choose? Why many people attend public libraries, even if they have the Internet at home? Expository Essay Topics about Education What is the history of the education system in Great Britain? Explain why the education is important to each person to get. Explain why some students use help from writing company instead of making their papers by themselves. Explain how modern schools use technology in studying process. How can teachers give their experience to students? Why it's hard to motivate a modern student to study, and how to make people involved in learning? Explain main advantages of distance studying. Why it's important to study at school, even if you are not planning to enter university? Describe the ideal teacher of your class. Describe the classroom of future, and explain why you see it this way. We hope that after reading this guide, you have got many ideas about writing your expository essay. Making such paper is not an easy job. You need a lot of time, patience, and skills to write a successful essay. Don't stop improving your skills and create many wonderful expository essays to impress your teacher and classmates!

Coco Chanel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coco Chanel - Research Paper Example Coco Chanel was a pioneering style maven who was born in the 1890s, and was apparently orphaned at a young age. The movie Coco Avant Chanel begins with young Gabrielle arriving at the orphanage, although it was later made clear that Coco was not actually an orphan, but that her father left the family when she was young and never returned. (Coco Avant Chanel, 2009). Perhaps it was this unusual early childhood that inspired Chanel’s iconoclastic personal style that was so completely different from the prevailing style at the turn of the century. It probably was also a basis for Chanel’s strong sense of independence, and her ability to make her fortune in a male-dominated society. Chanel was different from all other women during this time, for she not only was not satisfied with the lot bestowed upon women, but she also did not dress the part. This was a period of time when society women were in invariably in corsets, high boots and large hats with feathers. In contrast, Chanel opted for comfort, simplicity and clean lines. While other women wore corsets and frilly dresses, Chanel dressed in menswear, simple dresses with no corsets, low-heeled shoes and unadorned hats. (Coco Avant Chanel, 2009) Chanel saw that the fashion of the day was not comfortable for women, nor practical. At first, it seemed as if Chanel simply rebelled against the societal restrictions, in that she chose to wear men’s wear and comfortable clothes, while the rest of the women went about their day in fashions that were no doubt impossibly hot and uncomfortable. She did not necessarily aim to change societal fashion. She just did not go along with it. She was her own person in a so ciety where individualism was not necessarily admired. While it might not have been her aim to change society, this is exactly what she did, with the guidance, encouragement and financial

Project E Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project E - Essay Example perceive sound that comes from sound or a speaker while listening is the ability to comprehend or decode the meaning of the information from the speaker or sound. Students can be tested for their audio literacy skills by giving them tests to see if they both heard and listened to the lessons that were taught in class. Another method is to give the students audio books of tutorials that teach how to operate certain software and ask them to demonstrate their understanding of the software. There are a number of ways that can help you improve your listening skills. Hearing is one thing and listening to the information is another. It always advisable to be attentive when listening so that the information being conveyed is understood. I will explain four ways to help you improve your listening skills. I would like to conclude by saying that hearing and listening go together. Meaning that one must hear first before listening. If you fail to hear you will not listen. There are four ways of improving your listening skills and they include: maintenance of eye contact, avoiding obstruction, concentration on the message’s content and reading the body

Capital Punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capital Punishment - Research Paper Example The final results were seven votes for Georgia Supreme Court and two votes against. The court in a seven to two decision stated that a death penalty did not violate the Eight and the Fourteenth Amendment under all circumstances. In extreme cases, when the defendant has been convicted of killing another person in a deliberate fashion, the appropriateness of death penalty is robust, provided it is carefully employed. There was an assurance of death penalty statute in Georgia’s Supreme Court by several jury findings as associated with the severity of the crime and the nature of the defendant as well as a comparison with each of the circumstances of the capital sentences. The court stated that capital punishment imposition with careful scrutiny acted as a useful deterrent to future capital crimes and that it was a proper means of the social retribution against the most serious offenders (Gregg v. Georgia, 1975). If the main concept behind death penalty is to put the dead person to justice, then no form of genteel behavior should be shown to the condemned person. â€Å"If our motive in executions is revenge or even instant punishment, let's let the bastards suffer as much as possible. â€Å"Let them fry," as some proponents of capital punishment say. Why bother to put them to sleep?† (R.E.B., 1996, p.2) It is also stated in the article that Americans favor capital punishment even if by a small margin. It must also be mentioned that there were some instances where seven innocent men were awarded the sentence but were set free after spending considerable time in prison (R.E.B., 1996, p.2). In a separate case of McCleskey v. Kemp (1987), McClesky was a black man who was convicted of killing... This essay describes the controversial issue of the capital punishment that is present in modern society today. The researcher describes the history of the capital punishment in different countries and cultures as well as debates on the necessity of such possibility. The researcher states that death sentence is an arguable phenomenon in our times, but it can become the only form of imparting justice in some rarest of the events. Though it may appear immoral and uncivilized in the high tech society of today, it helps in sending a strong message to the society. In some cases, the capital punishment also helps in relieving the inmate of the agony to wait for years deciding his fate. The essay presents that there are instances where people had begged to be executed as a form of moral liberation for their sins, and in of the cases discussed in this essay by the researcher, there is an instance of pure discrimination. As it is also mentioned in the essay as the highest form of all punishme nts, the jury needs to be extremely careful in awarding its sentences. It is important that no innocent must be killed for the sake of protecting the law. Justice must be done fairly at all times, considering both the defendant and the prosecution sides. It is also concluded by the researcher that death sentences are awarded to cleanse the society of social evils. It is also important to remember that the jury needs to ensure that it does not send a wrong signal to the society by building a silent anger amongst the people.

Recruitment and Selection Strategies in HRM

Recruitment and Selection Strategies in HRM Strategies are made according to objectives of an organization. These are set of activities towards objectives. Corporate objectives These are the statement of intent that basically provides a firm direction for the activities an organization performs in the pursuit of its mission. Usually in organizations there is confusion and overlapping between the terms, objectives and the company goals. This confusion is easy o solve only if the company tends to think of the objectives as a statement of intents and the goals as the quantifiable targets. Sales Strategies Sales strategy can be defined as the planned approach to the account management policy formation, prospect identification and qualification, sales presentation, and order generation aimed at achieving a firms sales quotas or targets. Following are sales strategy Objectives: Helps in improving client loyalty Increases the closeting ratio by knowing clients hot buttons Helps in shorting the sales cycle with outside recommendations. Proper sales strategy helps in offering best solutions to outsell the competitors Helps in targeting and penetrating the most promising and profitable sectors and markets Helps in refining and maximizing the competitive advantage and product differentiation to increase the market margin and share. Helps in establishing a specific plan to strengthen and enhance the lead generation  source: (Businessdictionary) P-9: Devise appropriate recruitment and selection procedures. Recruitment: It is the process of attracting, screening and selection qualified people for the Job. Selection process: Screening Applicants Read all applications submitted. The selection of the top candidates for interviewing must be based on the Job Description and specifications. New criteria cannot be introduced to assess the candidates at this stage as it would be unfair. It is the responsibility of the persons conducting the interviews to complete the short-listing and to ensure the process remains free of unlawful discrimination. If a committee is used, the entire committee should agree on the short list. If a committee is not used, it is desirable that a second person also participate in the short-listing process. The criteria used to select the top candidates and all appropriate notes must be returned to Human Resources and Employee Development for filing and are retained for a period of 6 months. It is good practice that all employees that apply for a position within their department be interviewed. Former employees who have been dismissed for misconduct cannot be considered for appointment. Former employees who have since retired must meet certain qualifications due to their retirement status. If there is a question about whether an applicant can or cannot be considered contact Human Resources and Employee Development. Arranging the Interview The persons responsible for the interviews is responsible for scheduling dates and times for interviews directly with the short listed candidates and notifying the candidates of any selection tests that will be used. Federal law prohibits certain questions in an employment interview and the application for employment has been developed to comply with Federal guidelines. Examples of such illegal questions might refer to the applicants age, disability, religion, ages of children, etc. Interviewing guidelines are provided to the employing department upon referral of applications. To assure consistent treatment of each applicant, a patterned interview might be developed by the department. Such might include specific questions of job related functions, skills required, and how the applicants educational background, previous experience, etc. might be useful in the position if selected for employment. The Interview The purpose of interviewing is to appoint the best person for the job based solely on merit and suitability. The Valdosta State University recruitment and selection process achieves this using methods that are systematic, thorough, fair, unbiased and based on rational, objective, job related criteria. At the interview, each candidate should be treated consistently. To achieve this the panel should: Ask the same initial questions of each candidate Supplement their understanding of the candidates responses by following up questions as appropriate Be consistent in allowing access to presentation material, notes and so on Not allow any discriminatory questions, harassment, or any other conduct which breaches the equal opportunities policy or code of conduct Ensure that in the case of disabled candidates, the necessity for any reasonable adjustments that would be required on the job are explored in a positive manner. Assessment of disabled candidates should be based on their expected performance in the job, given that any reasonable adjustment required was provided. Keep in mind that information obtained throughout the selection process is treated as confidential and is known only to parties involved in the selection process Keep records of interviews and the reasons for decisions each question should receive a grade, and a grade for overall impression. The candidates will be ranked from highest to lowest based on the scores given and the position negotiated or offered to the highest ranking candidate. The scoring sheets and all documentation of the interviews must be given to Human Resources and Employee Development for filing Panel members must be aware that it is their responsibility to ensure recruitment/interview documentation is stored securely and confidentially whilst in their possession. Selection Tests Where selection tests are a valid method of assessing a candidate (i.e. effectively measures the job criteria, is relevant, reliable, fair and unbiased also considering the predictive capacities of tests), they are an extremely useful tool and are recommended for use. Supervisors should seek advice from Human Resources and Employee Development on the use of such tests. Hiring Decision In selecting the successful candidate, the panel must make a decision based on the merit and eligibility of the candidates as judged by: Content of application and qualifications Performance at Interview Outcome of any selection tests Reference Checks As part of assessing the merit of each candidate, persons selecting candidates must satisfy themselves that the information the candidate gives is authentic, consistent and honest. This includes being satisfied about information regarding the candidates: application work history qualifications (where a qualification is a requirement, supporting evidence or certification must be obtained from the candidate and recorded) evidence presented at interview Reference checks; references must be called and information recorded for the file a) Identify yourself immediately, explain your position within the organization and tell the person why you are calling about the applicant. b) Ensure confidentiality c) Ask if he or she is free to discuss the situation d) Try to establish rapport e) Tell the person the position the candidate is being considered for f) Let the person talk feely g) Ask the references the same questions for each of your candidates h) Always end the call with: would you rehire this person? Should any of these not meet the required standards, Human Resources and Employee Development must discuss the issue with the Supervisor/Director. Use the Employment Reference Check and Education Verification form located in Appendix 10 and Appendix 11. Criminal Background Checks. In an effort to provide a safe and secure workplace, to comply with Board of Regents Policy and to minimize the potential litigation associated with negligent hiring processes, Valdosta State University will require background checks on the top two candidates for the position. Employment shall be conditioned upon the execution of a consent form for criminal record disclosure and upon consideration of ones criminal history. The Valdosta State University Police Department, upon receipt of the Consent to Criminal History Release Form, shall conduct the background check and report results to the Department of Human Resources. The department will notify the applicants whose criminal history report prevents their employment. The applicant can be referred to Human Resources and Employee Development if they have questions on the process The applicant is allowed seven calendar days to initiate corrective action of any inaccurate report. Proof of an error in reporting shall not disqualify the applicant and the position will not be filled until this time period has expired. If no action is initiated, and if the report is factual, the hiring department may resume the employment process. P-10: Evaluate the role of motivation, remuneration and training in enhancing sales performance. Role of Motivation in sales performance. Whether you are a sales person or someone in a position who manages sales people, you need to know the importance of motivation. Although many it would be great to just hire self motivated people who dont need any help from you to take action and make sales, you need to realize that sales is a tough job and that there are people who can really become great at it with some encouragement. Being in sales can either pay you very well or can make you go broke. The better you are at sales, the more money you will make. So where does motivation come into play? Well, the main reason that most people dont like sales is because of having to deal with rejection. No one likes to be rejected but if youre in a sale, thats all part of the game. The more rejections you get, the closer to a sale you will be. Now just because you expect your sales people or yourself to go out there and make those sales calls like a machine, it doesnt mean motivation should be neglected. If you are a sales person, take the time to read and listen to motivation material. By doing this, you will constantly be feeding your mind with positive and encouraging thoughts that will help you get through those days where everyone prospect seems to be in a bad mood. For sales managers, providing your team with motivation is critical. Just look in the world of sports. Those athletes are the best in the world at what they do yet when they are losing and feeling discouraged, a simple pep talk from their coach can fire them up to the point to turn the game around. This same thing can be used on your sales people to help them see more of themselves instead of beating themselves up mentality for not making as many sales. Motivation is important because it causes people to take action. Without action, nothing happens. The key to achieve any goal is to take action. The more action you take, the closer to your goals you will be. In order to continually take action, you will need to come up with ways to motivate yourself to do what you need to do everyday in order to reach those goals. So whether you need to motivate yourself or your team, motivation plays an extremely important role in building success. Source (Wikipedia) Role of Remuneration in Sales Performance Remuneration is wages or salary, typically money that is paid for services rendered as an employee. How do you decide what remuneration packages to adopt? How do you ensure that your Remuneration packages incentives and motivate the right people? How do you make sure that the amount of pay helps your staff with their lifestyle requirements? These questions are vital ones to anybody trying to run a sales team or customer service team, when you have a look at how you can actually reward personal effort as well as maintain service. In looking at any remuneration package, its worthwhile to consider a set of scales. In any job description, there is an opportunity to analyze the work required into service aspects whereby these things have to be done to maintain the client, or maintain the client relationship, such as receiving orders, implementing orders, handling queries, general items of customer service, and also perhaps even merchandising or helping with displays, as well as ensuring that stock levels are adequate, these can be called service areas or service responsibilities. On the other hand, a sales person or customer service representative could influence the  value of the sale through their personal sales skills, personality, and training, to either make the sale happen, add value to the sale, or sell some specific items that are on special or on bonus, at the point of communication, either by phone, by web, or face-to-face. This particular activity is known as personal contribution. A relatively easy formula to follow is by adopting the scales of remuneration, you can then analyze the input from the people involved. If there is high service requirements and service levels in the performance of the job, and little opportunity to add personal influence, then a wages or base salary system will be the most cost efficient to make the results work. If there is a high personal input, whereby the sales person can strongly influence the amount of the sale or the profitability of the sale, then you can reward that personal effort by special commissions, sha re of profits, special incentives, and special rewards, for the sales as they occur after the event, and lessen the base salary or wages that need to be paid by increasing the risk factor, which of course the personal touch will overcome. Role of Training in Sales Performance The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies. It forms the core of apprenticeships and provides the backbone of content at institutes of technology (also known as technical colleges or polytechnics). In addition to the basic training required for a trade, occupation or profession, observers of the labor-market recognize today [update] the need to continue training beyond initial qualifications: to maintain, upgrade and update skills throughout working life. People within many professions and occupations may refer to this sort of training as professional development. Source (Wikipedia) P-11: Describe two techniques used to co-ordinate and control sales output. Sales out put control Outputs can be triggered manually or automatically in the sales document. Automatic determination requires maintenance of output condition record. Print programs and layout sets control content which Should be displayed in the output. controls output determination using condition   Technique. Output determination procedure is determined on the basis of sales document type (sales order type, delivery type, billing type). Standard output determination procedure for sales order (OR), Delivery (LF) and Billing (F2) is V100000. Output procedure contains output types, which can be processed when that sales document is created. One document can have Output types like Delivery note and Packing list in delivery. Output controls Medium (Like Print, Fax, EDI) Time of sending the output -e.g. immediately or in a batch Which partner function of Business partner it can be sent Language Criteria for which output condition record can be maintained for automatic output determination It offers flexibility of changing the key controls in the Sales documents. Example If order confirmation for a customer is scheduled to be printed in a batch but the customer wants it immediately then time of dispatch control can be changed in the sales order. P-12: Use given information to recommend appropriate organization structures and procedures. Team One of the newest organizational structures developed in the 20th century is team. In small businesses, the team structure can define the entire organization. Teams can be both horizontal and vertical. While an organization is constituted as a set of people who synergize individual competencies to achieve newer dimensions, the quality of organizational structure revolves around the competencies of teams in totality. For example, every one of the Whole Foods Market stores, the largest natural-foods grocer in the US developing a focused strategy, is an autonomous profit centre composed of an average of 10 self-managed teams, while team leaders in each store and each region are also a team. Larger bureaucratic organizations can benefit from the flexibility of teams as well. Functional structure Employees within the functional divisions of an organization tend to perform a specialized set of tasks, for instance the engineering department would be staffed only with software engineers. This leads to operational efficiencies within that group. However it could also lead to a lack of communication between the functional groups within an organization, making the organization slow and inflexible. As a whole, a functional organization is best suited as a producer of standardized goods and services at large volume and low cost. Coordination and specialization of tasks are centralized in a functional structure, which makes producing a limited amount of products or services efficient and predictable. Moreover, efficiencies can further be realized as functional organizations integrate their activities vertically so that products are sold and distributed quickly and at low cost .For instance, a small business could start making the components it requires for production of its products instead of procuring it from an external organization. But not only beneficial for organization but also for employees faiths. P-13: Identify and give three examples of the differences in the nature of sales tasks and skills in a variety of context. Sales Skills Effective communication Ability to listen Ask revelent questions Problem solver Well-organized Self starter and self finisher Positive self image. Well mannered and courteous Naturally Persuasive Person of Integrity Sales Task Specified amount of sales that a management sets for achieving or exceeding within a specified timeframe, and allocates required resources. Sales targets are apportioned among different sales-units such as salespersons, franchisees, distributors, agents, etc. Three Types of Sales Task Personal Sales Task A salesman of Jazz has to sell 100 connections/Sims per week Team Sales Task Peshawar region has to sellout 2000 connections in a month Organizational Sales Task Ufone has to cover 5 cities per year. P-14: Explain the role of sales staff operating in an international environment. International sales staff have very important role in an organization. To improve firms image To improve brand image Bring International talent to domestic market Bring new Ideas and knowledge Create good relationship between nations To integrate the different cultures Brining International harmony while working with different people of the world Bringing new skills and talents With all above international sales staff is the sign of Globalization. P-15: Explain the purpose of trade fairs and evaluate their contributions. Trade fair A trade fair (trade show or expo) is an exhibition organized so that companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products, service, study activities of rivals and examine recent market trends and opportunities. In contrast to consumer fairs, only some trade fairs are open to the public, while others can only be attended by company representatives (members of the trade, e.g. professionals) and members of the press, therefore trade shows are classified as either Public or Trade Only. Purpose of Trade Fairs Generating sales leads Generating actual sales at the show Enhancing your image and visibility Reaching a specific audience Establishing a presence in the marketplace Improving the effectiveness and efficiency of your marketing efforts Personally meeting your customers, competitors and suppliers Prospecting for new customers Introducing new products and services Demonstrating your product in ways not possible using other marketing channels Recruiting distributors or dealers Educating your target audience. Contribution of trade fairs to Firms Establish meaningful goals, masterfully plan your strategy, and measure your return on investment. Implement powerful marketing initiatives before, during, and after the event that engage potential buyers and generate sales. Choose the best exhibit display booth that meets your marketing needs and budgetary requirements. This includes evaluating different sizes, designs, and configurations of trade show displays. Identify the most effective graphic elements for your exhibit that portray your key messages and fulfill your brand communications needs. This includes establishing design parameters for banners, custom exhibition stands, brochures, and other materials. Learn about unique and appealing booth ideas that create buzz on the exhibition floor and attract visitors to your trade show display area. Effectively use exhibit accessories, signage and lighting techniques to heighten visibility. This includes selecting quality booth materials, high-impact portable display boards and booth fixtures that support your brand positioning. Select cost-effective giveaways and promotional products that have high-perceived value among your target prospects and complement your company image. Ensure team members who are staffing your booth project a professional appearance and are well-trained to represent your company, generate leads, and secure sales. source: (Businessdictionary) M-4: Evaluate the recruitment and selection procedure of the selected organization. Recruitment at Ufone Before recruiting a new employee, management checks whether there is a need to hire a new employee for that particular job or whether it can be incorporated into an existing employees job. Recruitment in Ufone may be of internal or external nature. Internal Recruitment In the case of internal recruitment people from within the organization are promoted to fill the vacant vacancy. The HR department and the relevant department in which the vacancy exists, analyze whether there an employee within the organization exists, who most appropriately meets the requirements of the particular vacancy. If more then one employee is eligible for the vacancy; then that employee is chosen who has the most outstanding record. After the promotion the employee may be sent for further training. The effect of internal vacancy is that it motivates the employee to perform their best and produce maximum output. It also creates a healthy competition amongst the employees. The hiring from within may have a trickle down effect i.e. the opportunities spring not just from the first vacancy but from the vacancy created when a person in the company fills that vacancy. External Recruitment If the organization feels that none of their current employees can fill out the new vacancy then they hire from external sources. In this case the human resource management considers other departments in the organization that might be interested in the appointment in order to make it a joint effort. They talk to relevant supervisors and especially to the people the new person will work with. A set of expert panelists is then selected from each relevant department to interview applicants Direct Applicants Ufone maintains a data base system i.e. HRMS (Human resource management system) for its internal employees as well as the employees which they will recruit in near future. In some case certain some people just drop their CVs at the head office. And whenever there is an opening or a vacancy occurs, the organization may call them for an interview. Referrals By advertising a post internally Ufone gains an added benefit, which is; the current employees may pass the information on to any interested friends and relations. Word of mouth is also a valuable recruitment method for them and they draw on all appropriate contacts they have Advertisements Since most of the posts are of a specialist nature, they intend on advertising in the journals of professional bodies and the trade press. Their next step is to find out how much adverts cost for varying amount of space and decide what they can afford. The HR management has hired the services of Interflow, an advertising agency, to propagate their service and company for them. They are also using the services of a web designer, Eveready media, to post the advertisement of the company on the Internet. Private Employment Agency The private Recruiting agencies collect information from unemployed as well as employed people about their skills and experiences. These agencies attempt to find some one suitable using its computerized inventory database of suitable individuals. These agencies charge Ufone for the referrals. Through Vendors (Outsourcing) Ufone also do outsourcing for the purpose of recruitment they hire firm, which will provide employee Ufone to work in the organization, but the employee will remain employee of that firm not Ufone, and this is the most common method followed by most of organization these days. Lower management at Ufone is comes through outsourcing. Electronic Recruiting The growth of information superhighway has opened up new vistas for organizations trying to recruit talent. Ufone is make full fledge use of this new technology, and it uses its own web page to advertise for new job openings. Another aspect of the electronic recruiting is that individuals dont have to physically go to the head office to drop their CVs. They now can simply use the e-CV format provided by Ufone on its home page. The e-CV is then transferred to the relevant database or the HR department. Recruitment Procedure The HR management decides on the length of the short-list, which includes five or six people at the most. Following the advert they need help to sift through the applications. Everything is computerized and on-line which makes it easier to handle large numbers of replies. In case they run short of time, they get the help of other staff, supervisors and managers in the organization. Apart from the question of time, they do this to get second opinions. They look out for the following when reading an application: How well-matched is the candidate to the requirements Any unexplained employment gaps The quality of presentation How tailored the reply is to the particular job and Ufone as an organization. Replying To Candidates The candidates that do not match the job are contacted as quickly as possible and dealt with courteously since the HR management believes in the philosophy that these people, and their relatives and friends, may be future customers or acquaintances of potential, future applicants. Those that match the job are called over to undertake an on-line evaluation test. Scheduling Interview The candidates that pass the on-line evaluation test are then called for interviews. A date and a time are arranged and the candidate appears for the interview. The questions of this interview are designed especially for gauging the personality and ability of the candidate. Screening Process The results are screened by a set of panelists in order to minimize chances of error in selecting the candidates. The HR management sometimes keeps a small number of candidates in reserve. M-5 : Highlight the motivating factors being used by the selected organization also determine the remuneration and training programs used by the organization for enhancing sales performance. Training at Ufone Training Development involves improving the knowledge, skills and abilities of the individuals. A continuous training is conducted inside Ufone to improve the performance of the employee. There are two types of trainings conducted at Ufone: In-house Training External Training In-house training is customized training which is only for Ufone employees. External training is carried out through trainers in training institutes. Employees at Ufone are usually trained through Rameez Allahwalla (in  Karachi), Possibilities and Intec (two well-known training institutes). Before training Training Need Analysis (TNA) is conducted by the manager  of the department. And after the training feedback from the employee is  taken. Motivating Factors at Ufone A very effective way to retain an employee is to give him compensation Benefits and Motivating factors at Ufone which is mentioned below: Medical Facility to employee and his/her parents Paid Vacations Food Allowance Trips Promotion on Performance Remuneration at Ufone There are about 150 employees who are working in the Ufone Head Office and 1500 employees serving nationwide. All of them are very devoted as they are given a wonderful learning environment to work, pay offered to them is also very attractive and ample chance of progress motivates them to work more. The job analysis is done on targets assigned and daily routines. The employees are indeed very satisfied and motivated. Ufone is basically equal employment opportunity organization. Almost 70% of its employees are male and 30% are female. The job description of each and every employee is predefined. Performance appraisal is done on annual basis. Average age of Ufone employee is 32 years. This shows that they prefer young and energetic people for their middle and lower level management. High profile well experienced persons are considered for top level management. Average Salary is 12000 for a Ufone employee. Salaries are increased as the federal government of Pakistan announced the percentage. M-7: Compare the sales tasks and skills being used by the two selected organization. Ufone Sales Task Skills: Successful companies have long known that a well-trained, highly motivated and efficiently connected field force is critical to their continued growth and success. Ufone realized that to stay ahead of the competition, they must replace traditional paper based systems with mobile solutions that enable access to key information directly from the field. Today, Ufones sales team is armed with Psion Teklogix WORKABOUT PRO hand-held with GPRS and a software application built on the Microsoft CE Framework; the team retrieves data from the companys accounting stock system through an Oracle database and uploads new data in the same manner. Known internally as U SFA (Ufone Sales Force Automation), this application allows sales staff to create orders, add details, fill in electronic outlet cards,